Precision grinding can obtain workpiece with high surface quality and high precision, but random distribution of abrasive grains on the grinding wheel surface poses a certain difficulty to improvement of machining precision and quality. This study established kinematic model of multiple grains, simulated the grain distribution on the surface of the common grinding wheel by using the grain vibration method, and examined the effect of different grinding parameters on the surface topography of the workpiece. Results show that the peaks and valleys on the profile curve of the workpiece surface increase and the corresponding Ra and Rz heights decrease, as the peripheral velocity of the grinding wheel increases. The peaks and valleys on the profile curve of the workpiece surface decrease, and the corresponding Ra and Rz heights increase as the feed speed of the workpiece increases. The number of grinding cracks on the surface of the workpiece decreases, the length of each crack increases, and the bump height on the surface increases slightly as the grinding depth increases.