Penggunaan Mesin Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas Pembuatan Enting Jahe dan Enting Kacang di Kampung Kungkuk Kota Wisata Batu Provinsi Jawa Timur

This Community Service raises the business of Enting Ginger and Enting Kacang, Dusun Kungkuk, Punten Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The village is famous for its apple farming, one of which is Punten Village. With cold weather conditions, making apples thrive in the area and as one of the livelihoods of the residents of Kungkuk hamlet. For five years (2005-2010), there was a decline in the production of apple commodities which brought social impacts such as the children of apple farmers who went to school unable to continue their education and were forced to stop their education at the junior high or high school level, because there was no more money to continue their education. This kind of phenomenon spurred Mrs. Yayuk Murniwati to establish a non-apple product processing business in the form of enting, namely ginger and peanut enting. However, this business is still not developed due to limited capital and machines owned. The method to be applied is the method of community empowerment for homemakers to increase the productivity and independence of partners economically and socially through counseling and mentoring efforts. Assistance or introduction of tools in ginger and peanut grinding machines for making entings and packaging machines helped them advance and develop their business.ABSTRAKPengabdian Masyarakat ini mengangkat Usaha Enting Jahe dan Enting Kacang Dusun Kungkuk Desa Punten Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu. Desa yang terkenal dengan pertanian apel, salah satunya Desa Punten. Dengan kondisi cuaca yang dingin, membuat apel tumbuh subur di daerah tersebut dan sebagai salah satu mata pencaharian warga dusun Kungkuk. Selama 5 tahun (2005-2010) terjadi penurunan produksi komoditas apel yang membawa dampak sosial seperti para anak petani apel yang sekolah tidak dapat melanjutkan pendidikan dan terpaksa menghentikan jenjang pendidikannya pada tingkat SMP ataupun SMA, karena sudah tidak ada lagi biaya untuk melanjutkan pendidikan. Fenomena semacam ini memacu ibu Yayuk Murniwati untuk mendirikan usaha olahan produk non-apel berupa enting yaitu enting jahe dan enting kacang. Namun, usaha ini masih belum berkembang dikarenakan keterbatasan modal dan mesin yang dimiliki. Metode yang akan diterapkan yaitu metode pemberdayaan masyarakat kelompok ibu rumah tangga dalam upaya peningkatan produktivitas dan kemandirian mitra secara ekonomi, sosial melalui usaha penyuluhan dan pendampingan. Bantuan ataupun perkenalan alat berupa mesin penggiling jahe dan kacang untuk proses pembuatan enting serta mesin pengemasan sangat membantu mereka dalam memajukan dan mengembangkan usaha.

Has Diamond Grinding Been A Cost Effective Pavement Preservation Treatment In Australia?

Australia introduced conventional longitudinal diamond grinding of highway concrete pavements in 2009 with the purchase of two "4‐foot" highway grinding machines by two contractors. The availability of these machines in Australia has enabled contractors to improve ride quality of new pavements, rather than accept a deduction to the tendered rate for the supply and placement of concrete pavement. Grinding of new concrete base is permitted up to an IRI of 3.5 m/km, thereby reducing the need to remove and replace concrete pavement which met the specified thickness, strength and density, but not ride quality. More importantly, with the introduction of the grinding machines, asset managers have the opportunity to use diamond grinding to treat existing concrete pavements that have a rough ride, or when the textured surface no longer meets specified levels for skid resistance. Although the primary use of diamond grinding was to improve ride quality of new and existing concrete pavements, it has also been used to: treat stepping across transverse contraction joints in PCP, improve skid resistance at roundabouts, improve both ride quality and texture for JRCP pavements (greater than 40 years of age) with a thin wearing course and spalling in the asphalt at transverse joints. The above treatments to concrete pavement allow asset preservation and avoid high reconstruction costs. The Austroads concrete pavement design procedure is based on the PCA design method and road smoothness is not a design parameter, unlike the USA approach to concrete pavement design where ride quality is a design input. There is still much work to be done to convince asset managers in Australia that the removal of the high areas of a concrete pavement to smooth the surface, reduces the dynamic wheel loading and minimises accumulated fatigue stress in the concrete. This paper reviews the last 10 years of diamond grinding projects and the success of this pavement preservation treatment for new and existing urban and rural concrete pavements in Australia. Recommendations to reduce the cost of diamond grinding concrete pavements and extend the use of this treatment are also provided.

Trends and development prospects of manual pneumatic grinding machines

В работе представлен анализ результатов эволюции параметров ручных пневматических шлифовальных машин на протяжении значительного интервала времени. Показаны достижения ведущих мировых производителей и выбраны три основных параметра, характеризующие возможности шлифовальных машин. Выявлены тенденции изменения удельной мощности и удельного расхода машин. Проведен сравнительный анализ перспектив развития машин с ротационным и турбинным приводом. Рассмотрена проблема совместной работы режущего инструмента и шлифовальной машины. Выявлена недостаточная быстроходность ручных пневматических шлифовальных машин с ротационным типом привода. Сделан вывод о большей перспективности применения многоступенчатых турбин в качестве привода шлифовальных машин. Представлен анализ компоновочных схем машин с турбинным приводом мировых производителей. Обоснована новая высокоэффективная конструктивная схема радиальных многоступенчатых турбин для привода пневматических шлифовальных машин. Показаны преимущества предложенной схемы, определены пути преодоления технологических барьеров при ее реализации. The paper suggests the results of analysis the parameters evolution of manual pneumatic grinding machines for a long time. The achievements of the world's leading manufacturers are shown and three main parameters that define the performance of grinding machines are selected. Trends in the specific power and specific air consumption of the machines are opened. An analysis of the development prospects for rotary and turbine machines is carried out. The problem of common action of a cutting tool and a grinding machine is considered. The insufficient speed of rotary manual pneumatic grinding machines is shown. It is determined that multi-stage turbines are most preferable for grinding machines. The design analysis of turbine machines of world manufacturers is presented. A new high-efficiency design of radial multi-stage turbines for driving pneumatic grinding machines is founded. The advantages of the new design are shown. The ways of overcoming technological challenges in the new design implementation are determined.

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFSET 8-LOBE JOURNAL BEARINGS

The 8-lobe journal bearings have found application in the bearing systems of spindles of grinding machines. The design of bearings and the large number of lobes and oil grooves assures good cooling conditions of bearing. These bearings can be manufactured as the bearings with cylindrical, non-continuous operating surfaces separated by six lubricating grooves, bearings with the pericycloidal shape of the bearing bore, and as offset journal bearing. This paper presents the results of the computation of static characteristics of an offset 8-lobe journal bearing operating under the conditions of an aligned axis of journal and bush, adiabatic oil film, and at the static equilibrium position of journal. Different values of bearing length to diameter ratio, relative clearance, and lobe relative clearance were assumed. Reynolds' energy and viscosity equations were solved by means of an iterative procedure. Adiabatic oil film, laminar flow in the bearing gap, and aligned orientation of journal in the bearing were considered.

DETERMINATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF THE DYNAMIC SHAPE OF DUST PARTICLES RELEASED IN THE AREA OF GRINDING MACHINES

При проведении работ по заточке твердосплавных инструментов абразивными кругами на универсальных заточных станках образуется значительное количество пылевых частиц. Часть пылевых частиц, в зависимости от размеров, находится во взвешенном состоянии. Длительное воздействие пылевых аэрозолей на организм рабочих может привезти к развитию большого количества профессиональных заболеваний дыхательных путей. Установлено, что на характер движения пылевых частиц в рабочей зоне и скорость их осаждения влияет такой параметр, как форма пылевой частицы. Материал для исследования и расчета был собран на предприятии ООО «Русский инструмент», которое расположено в пгт. Северный, Белгородского района. Отбор проб производился в разных зонах заточного участка. На основе имеющихся проб пылевых частиц, на базе лаборатории БГТУ им. В. Г. Шухова, были получены результаты электронной микроскопии. Целью данной работы является определение коэффициента формы пылевых частиц, с использованием существующих методик определения данного коэффициента. Полученные результаты позволяют дополнить исходные данные для разработки математической модели процессов течения пылевых частиц вблизи местного отсоса и последующего компьютерного моделирования течений пылевых аэрозолей в кожухе-пылеуловителе. When working on sharpening carbide tools with abrasive wheels on universal grinding machines, a significant amount of dust particles is formed. A certain part of the dust particles, depending on the size, is suspended. Prolonged exposure to dust aerosols on the body of machine turners can lead to the development of a large number of occupational diseases of the respiratory tract. It is established that in the working area, the nature of the movement of dust particles, as well as the rate of their deposition, is affected by such a parameter as the shape of the dust particle. The material for the study, calculation and subsequent computer simulation of the dust aerosol flows in the dust collector casing was collected at the OOO Russian Tool, which is located in the village Severny, Belgorod district. The samples were taken in different zones of the grinding area. Based on the available samples of dust particles, the results of electron microscopy were obtained at the laboratory of BSTU named after V. G. Shukhov. The purpose of this work is to describe the results obtained and determine the shape coefficient of dust particles, using existing methods for determining this coefficient. The material of the work allows us to supplement the initial data for the development of a mathematical model of the processes of the flow of dust particles near the local suction.

Designed a Passive Grinding Test Machine to Simulate Passive Grinding Process

Passive grinding is a high-speed rail grinding maintenance strategy, which is completely different from the conventional rail active grinding system. In contrast to active grinding, there is no power to drive the grinding wheel to rotate actively in passive grinding. The passive grinding process is realized only by the cooperation of grinding pressure, relative motion, and deflection angle. Grinding tests for passive grinding can help to improve the passive grinding process specifications and be used for the development of passive grinding wheels. However, most of the known grinding methods are active grinding, while the passive grinding machines and processes are rarely studied. Therefore, a passive grinding test machine was designed to simulate passive grinding in this study. This paper gives a detailed description and explanation of the structure and function of the passive grinding tester. Moreover, the characteristics of the grinding process and parameter settings of the testing machine were discussed based on the passive grinding principle. The design of a passive grinding test machine provides experimental equipment support for investigating passive grinding behavior and grinding process.

Analytical Modeling of Cutting Forces and Technological Parameters Interrelation when Grinding Shafts' Ends by a Grinding Wheel End on Circular Grinding Machines

Abrasive processing remains one of most demanded for hardened steels parts. Grinding of end surfaces of machines parts has become widespread due to the fact that it allows processing heat-treated surfaces more efficiently than turning and also correcting the surface geometry. This processing type is used almost mainly for finish processing operations of shafts ends, bearing rings, gears, etc. However, there is still no mathematical model for this processing type, which would satisfy most of the main technological parameters. In this article a mathematical model of the cutting force when grinding the shaft end by the grinding wheel end on circular grinding machines is obtained. Processing schemes for this grinding type are given and the calculated graph of the cutting force according to the obtained mathematical model is shown.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Penggiling Sekam Padi Menjadi Bahan Pakan Ternak (Dedak)

In the development of technology and industry, a lot of tools are made to make it easier to do work. In the farming sector, a lot of tools are needed to facilitate development in the farming sector. One of the tools needed is a machine to make animal feed. One of the ingredients for making animal feed is bran, bran produced from the process of milling rice husks. To produce bran, a tool that can crush rice husks into the form of flour is designed to make animal feed suitable, as well as make the shape of a portable grinding machine. In this design, data collection steps were carried out with literature studies and after that carried out experiments on the manufacture of rice husk grinding machines. In conducting the experiment, the concept of design, design, calculation, manufacture and testing of grinding machines was also carried out. The result of this design is the design of a grinding machine and a grinding machine that can smooth rice husks into flour and portable forms. The specifications of the rice husk grinding machine are a frame with a length of 580 mm, a width of 380 mm and a height of 995 mm. Drive source 7 HP petrol motor with belt pulley transmission. The speed of the grinding blade shaft can be changed by replacing the pulley on the driving motor so that it can determine the fineness of the bran and the speed of the grinding. As well as the filter on the milling section can be replaced in order to adjust to the required level of fineness.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Produksi Terasi Rebon di Desa Ketapang, Kotamadya Probolinggo

Kademangan is a shrimp paste production center in the Probolinggo municipality. The shrimp paste made from this fish processing center is of lower quality than similar products on the market. The varying size of the raw materials is a significant problem in shrimp paste production in this business hub. This activity aimed to improve the quality of the shrimp paste product by introducing and enhancing the partners' skills in using grinders and shrimp powder for rebon shrimp in making rebon shrimp paste. The method of this service activity consists of training, monitoring, and evaluation of the activities. This activity showed that the partners had received training on the production of shrimp paste and its quality and the use of grinding machines and machines for boiling shrimp meal. During the partner monitoring period, it became apparent that the partners had switched the technology from manual production of shrimp paste to machine production. The evaluation results show that the partners are familiar with grinding and grinding machines in making Rebon shrimp paste. The resulting products are of higher quality than those made before the partners used the shrimp grinding shrimp flour machines. The conclusion is that the use of grinding and flour machines for rebon shrimp by partners has increased the production capacity by three times and increased the quality of the rebon shrimp paste.