Co-infection with an atypical pathogen of COVID-19 in a young

Leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis of the skin (with or without systemic involvement) is often preceded by infections such as common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, or otitis media. Our purpose was to document pediatric (≤18 years) cases preceded by a symptomatic disease caused by an atypical bacterial pathogen. We performed a literature search following the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We retained 19 reports including 22 cases (13 females and 9 males, 1.0 to 17, median 6.3 years of age) associated with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. We did not find any case linked to Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, or Legionella pneumophila. Patients with a systemic vasculitis (N = 14) and with a skin-limited (N = 8) vasculitis did not significantly differ with respect to gender and age. The time to recovery was ≤12 weeks in all patients with this information. In conclusion, a cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis with or without systemic involvement may occur in childhood after an infection caused by the atypical bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The clinical picture and the course of cases preceded by recognized triggers and by this atypical pathogen are indistinguishable.

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Atypical Pathogen Infection in Adults with Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1164/rccm.200209-996oc ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 167 (3) ◽

pp. 406-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

David Lieberman ◽

Devora Lieberman ◽

Shmuel Printz ◽

Miriam Ben-Yaakov ◽

Zilia Lazarovich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Pathogen Infection ◽

Atypical Pathogen

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Legionella micdadei: A Forgotten Etiology of Growing Cavitary Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Reports in Pulmonology ◽

10.1155/2015/535012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Daniel Lachant ◽

Paritosh Prasad

Keyword(s):

Chest Ct ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Atypical Pathogen ◽

Transthoracic Biopsy ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Appropriate Therapy ◽

Immunocompromised Hosts ◽

Legionella Micdadei

Background.Legionella micdadeiis a Gram negative bacterium that can stain weakly acid fast. It was first described in 1979 after immunosuppressed patients developed pneumonia at a Pittsburgh VA, initially given the name Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent. It is the second most commonLegionellaspecies causing infection afterpneumophila, and typically infects immunocompromised hosts. It is not easy to be cultured which makes diagnosing difficult.Case Presentation. A 31-year-old female with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis presented with fever, chills, shortness of breath, dry cough, and chest pain for five days after being started on immunosuppression for autoimmune hepatitis two months earlier. The first chest CT showed small bilateral cavitary nodules. The nodules continued to grow on subsequent imaging despite what was thought to be appropriate therapy. A transthoracic biopsy was performed which grewLegionella micdadeiand the patient improved after being treated with levofloxacin.Conclusion.Legionella micdadeiis an atypical pathogen known to cause pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. This case highlights a typical presentation of an atypical infection not commonly thought about and should be considered when nodules are growing despite being on broad antimicrobial therapy.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Atypical Pathogen in Community Acquired Pneumonia

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.14.4.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 2265-2276

Author(s):

Abdul-Rahman Mamdouh Mohammad ◽

Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky ◽

Eman Farouk Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Atypical Pathogen ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Novel Antibiotics

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a one of most common reasons of respiratory tract infections in both adolescents and children with severity ranged from moderate to high. Many facts in the previous years regarding infections were induced via this organism having extra pathogenic mechanisms. Clinically, resistance to macrolide has produced internationally and represents a treatment trouble. Antimicrobial sensitivity checking out techniques have been applied, and novel antibiotics which are effective towards M. pneumoniae are present processing development. That evaluate concentrates on the several trends occurring in the previous quite a few years which beautify the grasp of that microorganism, which is one of the smallest pathogenic bacteria; however, is of extreme medical significance.

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Initial Report of Primary Sinusitis caused by an Atypical Pathogen(Mycobacterium Chelonae)in an Immunocompetent Adult

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556139907800509 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 358-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paul M. Spring ◽

Robert H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Immunocompetent Adult ◽

Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽

Initial Report ◽

Atypical Pathogen

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M453 PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS: AN ATYPICAL PATHOGEN IN CHRONIC SINUSITIS

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. S137

Author(s):

T. Hood ◽

M. Vaughn

Keyword(s):

Chronic Sinusitis ◽

Pantoea Agglomerans ◽

Atypical Pathogen

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Atypical pathogen infection of respiratory system

Medycyna Faktów ◽

10.24292/01.mf.0121.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Adam J. Sybilski

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Intensive Care Treatment ◽

Atypical Pneumonia ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Atypical Pathogen ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Atypical Bacteria

The frequency of respiratory infections, especially atypical pneumonia, is increasing significantly. Most often, atypical pneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Human is the only reservoir of these atypical bacteria. The infection occurs via droplets or direct contact with a sick person or convalescent. Pneumonia of the etiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae most often affects children without comorbidities and is usually mild, while most patients with Legionella infection require intensive care treatment. Symptoms of mycoplasma infection can range from mild symptoms in the upper respiratory tract to pneumonia and extrapulmonary symptoms. The infection is often underdiagnosed, and patients usually do not seek medical attention and treatment. Chlamydial pneumonia is, in most cases, mild, similar to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and tends to heal itself. The drugs of choice in the treatment of atypical pneumonia are macrolides, and because of the best compliance in children – azithromycin.

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