Fertility, social mobility and long run inequality

I use variation in the age at which children move to show that where an Australian child grows up has a causal effect on their adult income, education, marriage, and fertility. In doing so, I replicate the findings of Chetty and Hendren (2018a) in a country with less inequality, more social mobility, and different institutions. Across all outcomes, place typically matters most during the teenage years. Finally, I provide suggestive evidence of peer effects using cross-cohort variation in the peers of permanent postcode residents: those born into a richer cohort for their postcode tend to end up with higher incomes themselves. (JEL D63, J13, J62, R23, Z13)

Download Full-text

Specificity of Socio-Economic Processes in the Hungarian Microregion

Regionalnaya ekonomika Yug Rossii ◽

10.15688/re.volsu.2021.4.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 98-108

Author(s):

Katalin Kárász ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Ethnic Origin ◽

Roma Population ◽

Disadvantaged Children ◽

Economic Output ◽

Long Run ◽

Average Proportion

The Kunhegyesi District is the most disadvantaged district in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary. The aim of this study, which serves as a basis for a social comparative analysis of the District’s settlements in the future, is to understand the demographic processes. Population in the District has been steadily decreasing since 2011 besides lower income levels, poorer health indicators and a higher proportion of premature mortality. Two out of three children are disadvantaged, while the vast majority of young people drops out of secondary school without any qualification. The higherthan-average proportion of Roma population alone does not explain worsening economic output, economic performance has nothing to do with ethnic origin. Reasons are rather to be found in the deterioration of social mobility of the past two decades. Similarly to areas with a higher proportion of Roma population, the District also undergoes an exodus of nonRoma, resulting in ghettoization, thereby further diminishing chances of social mobility. Thanks to social inclusion and recovery programs, as well as the commitment of local Roma stakeholders, promising changes are coming true with an increase in qualification and employment levels and a decrease in the number of disadvantaged children, question is whether development is sustainable in the long run, and also, whether the District has a potential to independently selfsustain social development.

Download Full-text

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach

Sociological Methodology ◽

10.1177/0081175020973054 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 008117502097305

Author(s):

Xi Song

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Panel Study ◽

Intergenerational Relationships ◽

Mobility Model ◽

Long Run ◽

Two Generations ◽

Demographic Processes ◽

Demographic Methods ◽

Demographic Approach

Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic status. This approach, although widely adopted in the literature, has serious limitations when more than two generations of families are considered. In particular, it ignores the role of families’ demographic behaviors in moderating mobility outcomes and the joint role of mobility and demography in shaping long-run family and population processes. This article provides a demographic approach to the study of multigenerational social mobility, incorporating demographic mechanisms of births, deaths, and mating into statistical models of social mobility. Compared with previous mobility models for estimating the probability of offspring’s mobility conditional on parent’s social class, the proposed joint demography-mobility model treats the number of offspring in various social classes as the outcome of interest. This new approach shows the extent to which demographic processes may amplify or dampen the effects of family socioeconomic positions because of the direction and strength of the interaction between mobility and differentials in demographic behaviors. The author illustrates various demographic methods for studying multigenerational mobility with empirical examples using the IPUMS linked historical U.S. census representative samples (1850–1930), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968–2015), and simulation data that show other possible scenarios resulting from demography-mobility interactions.

Download Full-text