Genesis of Coalbed Methane and Its Storage and Seepage Space in Baode Block, Eastern Ordos Basin

The Baode block on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin is a key area for the development of low-rank coalbed methane (CBM) in China. In order to find out the genesis of CBM and its storage and seepage space in Baode block, the isotopic testing of gas samples was carried out to reveal the origin of CH4 and CO2, as well, mercury intrusion porosimetry, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray CT tests were performed to characterize the pores and fractures in No. 4 + 5 and No. 8 + 9 coal seams. The results showed that the average volume fraction of CH4, N2, and CO2 is 88.31%, 4.73%, and 6.36%, respectively. No. 4 + 5 and No. 8 + 9 coal seams both have biogenic gas and thermogenic methane. Meanwhile, No. 4 + 5 and No. 8 + 9 coal seams both contain CO2 generated by coal pyrolysis, which belongs to organic genetic gas, while shallow CO2 is greatly affected by the action of microorganisms and belongs to biogenic gas. The average proportion of micropores, transition pores, mesopores, and macropores is 56.61%, 28.22%, 5.10%, and 10.07%, respectively. Samples collected from No. 4 + 5 coal seams have developed more sorption pores. Meanwhile, samples collected from No. 8 + 9 coal seams exhibited a relatively low degree of hysteresis (Hg retention), suggesting good pore connectivity and relatively high seepage ability, which is conducive to gas migration. The connected porosity of coal samples varies greatly, mainly depending on the relative mineral content and the proportion of connected pores.

Specificity of Socio-Economic Processes in the Hungarian Microregion

The Kunhegyesi District is the most disadvantaged district in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary. The aim of this study, which serves as a basis for a social comparative analysis of the District’s settlements in the future, is to understand the demographic processes. Population in the District has been steadily decreasing since 2011 besides lower income levels, poorer health indicators and a higher proportion of premature mortality. Two out of three children are disadvantaged, while the vast majority of young people drops out of secondary school without any qualification. The higherthan-average proportion of Roma population alone does not explain worsening economic output, economic performance has nothing to do with ethnic origin. Reasons are rather to be found in the deterioration of social mobility of the past two decades. Similarly to areas with a higher proportion of Roma population, the District also undergoes an exodus of nonRoma, resulting in ghettoization, thereby further diminishing chances of social mobility. Thanks to social inclusion and recovery programs, as well as the commitment of local Roma stakeholders, promising changes are coming true with an increase in qualification and employment levels and a decrease in the number of disadvantaged children, question is whether development is sustainable in the long run, and also, whether the District has a potential to independently selfsustain social development.

Examining the Relationship Between Hospice Agency Characteristics and Complaint Deficiencies

The U.S. hospice industry has expanded over the last decade. Similar to nursing homes, research guided by the Donabedian framework has documented quality differences in hospice based on agency characteristics, including profit status and rural status. Yet, compared to nursing homes, quality oversight and transparency in hospice remain limited. When families report substandard care, a complaint survey is launched to investigate allegations. Using publicly available regulatory oversight data (e.g., CMS QCOR, Medicare PACPUF, CAHPS HIS, Hospice Compare), and guided by the Donabedian framework, this study describes hospice agency structure and process characteristics associated with care complaint deficiencies (outcome). Of the 4,415 hospice facilities examined, 453 (or 10.3%) have had complaint survey deficiency citations between January 2018 and December 2020. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were conducted to compare facility characteristics (e.g., ownership status, percentage of Medicare beneficiaries in rural zips), nursing and social work involvement, and CAHPS scores between hospices with and without complaint survey deficiencies. Results indicated that the average proportion of beneficiaries with a rural zip for Medicare correspondence was significantly lower in hospices with deficiencies (p<.001). Finding also suggested that weekly total nursing and social work minutes were significantly higher in hospices with deficiencies. Additionally, family ratings of hospice team communication, symptom management, and overall satisfaction were higher in facilities without complaint survey deficiencies. Future research and practice implications will be discussed.

Trajectories of Energy Intake Distribution and Risk of Dyslipidemia: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2018)

Few studies have examined the secular trend of energy intake distribution. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution and determine their association with dyslipidemia risk. Data of 2843 adult participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed. Trajectory groups of energy intake distribution were identified by multi-trajectory model over 27 years. Multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust estimation of variance was used to calculate risk ratio for incident dyslipidemia in a 9-year follow-up. Four trajectory groups were identified: “Energy evenly distributed group” (Group 1), “Lunch and dinner energy dominant group” (Group 2), “Dinner energy dominant group” (Group 3), “breakfast and dinner energy dominant group” (Group 4). Compared with Group 1, Group 3 was associated with higher risk of dyslipidemia (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.75), hypercholesterolemia (RR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.81) and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterols (LDL-C) (RR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.82, 3.20). A U-shape was observed between cumulative average proportion of dinner energy and dyslipidemia risk (p for non-linear = 0.01), with stronger relationship at 40% and above. Energy intake distribution characterized by higher proportion of dinner energy, especially over 40% was associated with higher dyslipidemia risk in Chinese adults.

Long-read metagenomics of multiple displacement amplified DNA of low-biomass human gut phageomes by SACRA preprocessing chimeric reads

The human gut bacteriophage community (phageome) plays an important role in the host’s health and disease; however, the entire structure is poorly understood, partly owing to the generation of many incomplete genomes in conventional short-read metagenomics. Here, we show long-read metagenomics of amplified DNA of low-biomass phageomes with multiple displacement amplification (MDA), involving the development of a novel bioinformatics tool, SACRA, that efficiently preprocessed numerous chimeric reads generated through MDA. Using five samples, SACRA markedly reduced the average chimera ratio from 72% to 1.5% in PacBio reads with an average length of 1.8-kb. De novo assembly of chimera-less PacBio long reads reconstructed contigs of ≥ 5-kb with an average proportion of 27%, which was 1% in contigs from MiSeq short reads, thereby dramatically improving contig length and genome completeness. Comparison of PacBio and MiSeq contigs found MiSeq contig fragmentations frequently near local repeats and hypervariable regions in the phage genomes, and those caused by multiple homologous phage genomes coexisting in the community. We also developed a reference-independent method to assess the completeness of the linear phage genomes. Overall, we established a SACRA-coupled long-read metagenomics robust to highly diverse gut phageomes, identifying high-quality circular and linear phage genomes with adequate sequence quantity.

The Whole and the Parts—A New Perspective on Production Diseases and Economic Sustainability in Dairy Farming

The levels of production diseases (PD) and the cow replacement rate are high in dairy farming. They indicate excessive production demands on the cow and a poor state of animal welfare. This is the subject of increasing public debate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of production diseases on the economic sustainability of dairy farms. The contributions of individual culled cows to the farm’s economic performance were calculated, based on milk recording and accounting data from 32 farms in Germany. Cows were identified as ‘profit cows’ when they reached their individual ‘break-even point’. Data from milk recordings (yield and indicators for PD) were used to cluster farms by means of a principal component and a cluster analysis. The analysis revealed five clusters of farms. The average proportion of profit cows was 57.5%, 55.6%, 44.1%, 29.4% and 19.5%. Clusters characterized by a high proportion of cows with metabolic problems and high culling and mortality rates had lower proportions of profit cows, somewhat irrespective of the average milk-yield per cow. Changing the perception of PD from considering it as collateral damage to a threat to the farms’ economic viability might foster change processes to reduce production diseases.

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ICT

ABSTRAKTujuan utama pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam mengelola kelas online melalui pelatihan penggunaan media information and communications technology (ICT) bagi guru-guru PAUD IT dan SD IT Harapan Bunda. Media ICT yang dipilih oleh guru-guru PAUD IT dan SD IT Harapan Bunda adalah berbasis Google Forms dan Google Meet. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan pemberian materi, diskusi/tanya jawab, dan praktek langsung pembuatan media ICT yang digunakan. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian ini, dilakukan evaluasi dengan pengisian angket respon terhadap kegiatan PKM, angket kepuasan serta angket kompetensi profesional guru. Dari hasil angket menunjukkan rata-rata persentase respon peserta pelatihan terhadap pelaksanaan PKM ini menjawab sangat setuju sebesar 70,7%. Tingkat kepuasan peserta pelatihan dari segi materi, penyampaian materi, proses diskusi serta pelatihan individu adalah 93,3%. Sedangkan sekitar 73,3% menyatakan mengalami peningkatan terkait kemampuan menggunakan media ICT dan pengelolaan kelas online. Dari hasil pelatihan juga disarankan agar guru-guru di masa pandemi ini lebih memahami dan menggunakan media ICT agar pembelajaran lebih efektif dan menyenangkan ­ Kata kunci: kompetensi; media ICT; pelatihan; profesional ABSTRACTThe main objective of community service is to increase teacher competence through training in the use of ICT media for PAUD IT and SD IT Harapan Bunda teachers. The ICT media chosen by PAUD IT and SD IT Harapan Bunda are based on Google Forms and Google Meet. The training was carried out by providing materials, discussion / question and answer, and direct practice of making the ICT media used. In addition to the introduction of ICT media, this training also conducted an assignment to better understand the use of online ICT media. Reliable in this service activity, evaluation is carried out by filling out questionnaires and direct interviews. The results of the questionnaire showed that the average proportion of training participants on the implementation of this community service answered strongly agree at 70,7%. The level of satisfaction of the training participants in terms of material, material delivery, discussion process, individual training was 93,3%. Meanwhile, around 73,3% stated that the increase was related to the ability to use ICT media and manage online learning. From the results of the training, it is also recommended that teachers during this pandemic better understand and use ICT media so that learning is more effective and fun. Keywords: competence; media ICT; training; professional

Noninvasive genetic sampling of two flying fox species provides a high rate of genotyping success and a low error rate during amplification

Noninvasive genetic sampling techniques are useful tools for providing genetic data that are crucially needed for determining suitable conservation actions. Yet these methods may be highly unreliable in certain situations for instance, when working with faecal samples of frugivorous species in tropical areas. In this study, we tested the applicability of noninvasive genetic sampling on two Comoro Islands flying fox species: Pteropus livingstonii and P.seychellensis comorensis in order to optimize the sampling and laboratory process. Both mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers were tested using two common faeces conservation protocols (ethanol and silica gel), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success and genotyping error rates were assessed. The average proportion of mtDNA PCRs positive results was 55% for P.livingstonii and 38% for P.s.comorensis, and higher amplification success was obtained for samples preserved in ethanol as compared to silica gel. The average genotyping success rate was high (74% for P.livingstonii and 95% for P.s.comorensis) and the genotyping error rate was low for both species. Despite our results confirm the effectiveness of using noninvasive genetic sampling methods to study flying fox species, the protocol we used can be optimized to provide higher efficiency. Some recommendations related to field sampling protocols and laboratory methods are proposed in order to optimize amplification rate and minimize genotyping errors.