Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide virucidal efficacy against yellow fever virus 17DD vaccine strain for application in a vaccine manufacturing industry

In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the virus strain GOI 4191 that was isolated from a fatal adverse event after yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination, an experimental assay using hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as animal model and YFV 17DD vaccine strain as virus reference was accomplished. The two virus strains were inoculated by intracerebral, intrahepatic and subcutaneous routes. The levels of viremia, antibody response, and aminotransferases were determined in sera; while virus, antigen and histopathological changes were determined in the viscera. No viremia was detected for either strain following infection; the immune response was demonstrated to be more effective to strain GOI 4191; and no significant aminotransferase levels alterations were detected. Strain GOI 4191 was recovered only from the brain of animals inoculated by the IC route. Viral antigens were detected in liver and brain by immunohistochemical assay. Histothological changes in the viscera were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular necrosis, and viral encephalitis. Histological alterations and detection of viral antigen were observed in the liver of animals inoculated by the intrahepatic route. These findings were similar for both strains used in the experiment; however, significant differences were observed from those results previously reported for wild type YFV strains.

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Development of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Global Differentiation of Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine-Related Adverse Events from Natural Infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00323-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Holly R. Hughes ◽

Brandy J. Russell ◽

Eric C. Mossel ◽

John Kayiwa ◽

Julius Lutwama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Real Time ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT Yellow fever (YF) is a reemerging public health threat, with frequent outbreaks prompting large vaccination campaigns in regions of endemicity in Africa and South America. Specific detection of vaccine-related adverse events is resource-intensive, time-consuming, and difficult to achieve during an outbreak. To address this, we have developed a highly transferable rapid yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that distinguishes vaccine from wild-type lineages. The assay utilizes a specific hydrolysis probe that includes locked nucleic acids to enhance specific discrimination of the YFV17D vaccine strain genome. Promisingly, sensitivity and specificity analyses reveal this assay to be highly specific to vaccine strain(s) when tested on clinical samples and YFV cell culture isolates of global origin. Taken together, our data suggest the utility of this assay for use in laboratories of varied capacity for the identification and differentiation of vaccine-related adverse events from wild-type infections of both African and South American origin.

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Refractoriness of Indian Aedes aegypti to Oral Infection with Yellow Fever Virus 17D Strain

Defence Life Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dlsj.1.10740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Paban Kumar Dash ◽

Ankita Agarwal ◽

Devanathan Sukumaran ◽

Manmohan Parida

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

High Titer ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Health Significance ◽

Bioterrorism Agent

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the causative agent of yellow fever. It is one of the most important hemorrhagic arboviral infection of global public health significance. It is categorised under category ‘C’ of potential bioterrorism agent. Effect of geographical variation on vector competence in Ae. aegypti has been well documented for several viruses including YFV. In the present study, the vector competence of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected from Gwalior, India for YFV 17D vaccine strain was evaluated to understand the risk of its transmission. Further the risk associated with transmission of YFV 17D vaccine strain from viremic vaccinees to mosquitoes and subsequently to naive individuals was assessed. Ae. aegypti were orally infected with high titer of YFV 17D strain and the infection status was investigated at 7 and 14 day post infection (dpi) using a highly sensitive quantitative RT-PCR assay. None of the Ae. aegypti mosquito orally infected with YFV 17D strain was found to be positive for YFV. The infection rate was found to be zero per cent at both 7 dpi and 14 dpi. These results demonstrated the inability of the YFV 17D strain to cause infection or replication in the midgut of Ae. aegypti. Due to the highly attenuated replication of this strain in Ae. aegypti midgut, there is a minimal risk of its transmission. Further, it is unlikely for a mosquito that feeds on a viremic vaccine to get infected with this vaccine strain. The risk of transmission of YFV 17D strain by Indian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is negligible. Further vector competence study using epidemic strain of YFV will aid in risk assessment analysis of YFV in India.

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Case report: probable transmission of vaccine strain of yellow fever virus to an infant via breast milk

Canadian Medical Association Journal ◽

10.1503/cmaj.100619 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 183 (4) ◽

pp. E243-E245 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

S. Kuhn ◽

L. Twele-Montecinos ◽

J. MacDonald ◽

P. Webster ◽

B. Law

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus

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Molecular and phenotypic analysis of a working seed lot of yellow fever virus 17DD vaccine strain produced from the secondary seed lot 102/84 with an additional passage in chicken embryos

Biologicals ◽

10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.09.005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Renato S. Marchevsky ◽

Maria da Luz Leal ◽

Akira Homma ◽

Evandro S.F. Coutinho ◽

Luis A.B. Camacho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Chicken Embryos

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Comparison of the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus with the 17D vaccine strain derived from it.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.84.7.2019 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 2019-2023 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

C. S. Hahn ◽

J. M. Dalrymple ◽

J. H. Strauss ◽

C. M. Rice

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus

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Infection of hepatocytes with 17-D vaccine-strain yellow fever virus induces a strong pro-inflammatory host response

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.031617-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 2262-2271 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara E. Woodson ◽

Michael R. Holbrook

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Host Response ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Vaccine Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Productive Infection ◽

Wild Type Virus ◽

Type Virus ◽

Wild Type

Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes serious disease in endemic areas of South America and Africa, even though a very well tolerated vaccine is available. YFV primarily targets the liver where as many as 80 % of hepatocytes may be involved during infection. The objective of this project was to compare and contrast the cytokine response from hepatocytes infected with either wild-type (Asibi) or vaccine (17-D-204) strains of YFV, with the goal of identifying responses that might be correlated with disease severity or vaccine efficacy. We report here that PH5CH8 hepatocytes support a productive infection with both wild-type and vaccine-strain YFV. Infection with either virus resulted in elevated expression of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α) with a corresponding increase in transcription. Hepatocytes infected with vaccine virus had a more profound response than did cells infected with wild-type virus. Pre-stimulation of hepatocytes with IL-6 resulted in reduced viral titres, elevated concentrations of cytokines released from Asibi virus-infected cells and improved cell viability in cells infected with 17-D virus. Data reported here suggest that 17-D virus stimulates an appropriate antiviral inflammatory response in hepatocytes, while Asibi virus can attenuate the host response. These data identify potential mechanisms that are associated with increased virulence in wild-type virus infections and also provide clues towards potential immune-response limitations that may be associated with vaccine-related adverse events.

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