An improved high-resolution solar reference spectrum for earth's atmosphere measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared

2010 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chance ◽  
R.L. Kurucz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Spectrum ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

scholarly journals High-resolution transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere-seeing Earth as an exoplanet using a lunar eclipse

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yan ◽  
R. A. E. Fosbury ◽  
M. G. Petr-Gotzens ◽  
G. Zhao ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Transmission Spectrum ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Absorption Feature ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
Atmospheric Transmission ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

AbstractWith the rapid developments in the exoplanet field, more and more terrestrial exoplanets are being detected. Characterizing their atmospheres using transit observations will become a key datum in the quest for detecting an Earth-like exoplanet. The atmospheric transmission spectrum of our Earth will be an ideal template for comparison with future exo-Earth candidates. By observing a lunar eclipse, which offers a similar configuration to that of an exoplanet transit, we have obtained a high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) transmission spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere. This observation was performed with the High Resolution Spectrograph at Xinglong Station, China during the total lunar eclipse in December 2011. We compare the observed transmission spectrum with our atmospheric model, and determine the characteristics of the various atmospheric species in detail. In the transmission spectrum, O2, O3, O2 · O2, NO2 and H2O are detected, and their column densities are measured and compared with the satellites data. The visible Chappuis band of ozone produces the most prominent absorption feature, which suggests that ozone is a promising molecule for the future exo-Earth characterization. Due to the high resolution and high SNR of our spectrum, several novel details of the Earth atmosphere's transmission spectrum are presented. The individual O2 lines are resolved and O2 isotopes are clearly detected. Our new observations do not confirm the absorption features of Ca II or Na I which have been reported in previous lunar eclipse observations. However, features in these and some other strong Fraunhofer line positions do occur in the observed spectrum. We propose that these are due to a Raman-scattered component in the forward-scattered sunlight appearing in the lunar umbral spectrum. Water vapour absorption is found to be rather weak in our spectrum because the atmosphere we probed is relatively dry, which prompts us to discuss the detectability of water vapour in Earth-like exoplanet atmospheres.

12 Solar radiation & structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Solar Photosphere ◽  
Image Correction ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Solar Telescopes

Spatial structures in the solar photosphere are likely to be seen down to scales of the order of the photon mean free path, which is about 70 km in the lower photosphere. This scale corresponds to an angle of O.”1 at disk center. Structures associated with magnetic fields may be expected on even smaller scales. Existing solar telescopes typically have diameters of slightly less than one meter. Hence, even in the visible part of the spectrum, the scales of solar structures extend out to the diffraction limit of current solar telescopes. Therefore, the achievable spatial resolution is limited by turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere (seeing). This has led to the development of various techniques to overcome this resolution limit and achieve diffraction-limited resolution. This report covers selected highlights and recent work done in the context of high-resolution techniques published in the period from July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1996. Due to the lack of space the report remains necessarily incomplete, and I apologize to all the authors of important contributions that are not cited here. This review does not cover space and balloon-borne instruments that try to achieve high spatial resolution by observing from above the Earth’s atmosphere. Recent work on ground-based high-resolution techniques has been collected in the proceedings of the 13thSacramento Peak Summer Workshop on Real Time and Post Facto Solar Image Correction (Radick 1993).

High resolution infrared spectra of the earth's atmosphere III—airborne observations in the 100–140 cm−1 range

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Baluteau ◽  
A. Marten ◽  
E. Bussoletti ◽  
M. Anderegg ◽  
J.E. Beckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Calculation of the spectral transmission of the earth's atmosphere in the region of the NO gamma bands

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1424-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Freedman ◽  
R. W. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Path Lengths

Realistic long path high resolution transmission spectra of the atmosphere have been calculated in the regions of the (0,0) and (1,0) NO gamma bands for zenith angles between 40 and 70° and for path lengths between 28.5 and 120 km. The transmission spectra have been folded onto the Harvard solar rocket spectra to provide spectral irradiances at 28.5 km which is a typical balloon float altitude. Such data have immediate application to the remote sensing of atmospheric NO from balloons and satellites.

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