A2B2O7 pyrochlore compounds: A category of potential materials for clean energy and environment protection catalysis

Two and half-decades of experience in implementing environmental assessment (EA) tools through policies and legislations have contributed to integrating environmental aspects into development projects in Nepal. The Enforcement of Environment Protection Act (EPA) of 1996 and the Environment Protection Rules (EPR) of 1997 have expanded the application of EA tools for the prescribed proposals. After the enforcement of EPA and EPR, the government has approved the EIA reports of 72 projects. In 2006 alone, EIA reports of 22 projects were approved. In general, however, approval of EIA reports has no meaning unless they are effectively implemented. The benefits of EA could be realised after environmental monitoring and auditing that helps to know the level of compliance and effectiveness of mitigation measures. This article outlines the causes of delay decision and major initiatives taken to make the EA more effective, realistic and practical. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 1, No. 2(2008) pp. 13-16

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Applied catalysis for sustainable development of chemical industry in China

National Science Review ◽

10.1093/nsr/nwv019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 167-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zaiku Xie ◽

Zhicheng Liu ◽

Yangdong Wang ◽

Zhonghao Jin

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Molecular Diffusion ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Sustainable Resources ◽

High Efficient ◽

Applied Catalysis

Abstract Progressing green chemical technologies is significant to the sustainable development of chemical industry in China, as the energy and environment problems increasingly became great challenges to the whole society. The scientific connotation of sustainable energy chemical engineering can be generalized as green carbon/hydrogen science which means optimization of carbon/hydrogen atom economics based on high efficient catalysis and low-carbon emission. This review illustrated recent advances in developing sustainable technologies for applied catalysis in chemical industry of China, including the fields of high efficient conversion of heavy oil, green petrochemical catalytic technologies, clean utilization of coal and natural gas, promoting sustainable resources and clean energy, etc. Moreover, from the view of industrial point, some important common scientific problems were discussed and summarized, such as the relation between molecular diffusion and catalyzing efficiency, homogeneous catalysis in heterogeneous catalysts, in situ or operando characterization of industrial catalysis, etc., aiming to supplying a forward roadmap to academia and/or industry.

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Highly Active and Carbon-Resistant Nickel Single-Atom Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10060630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Mohcin Akri ◽

Achraf El Kasmi ◽

Catherine Batiot-Dupeyrat ◽

Botao Qiao

Keyword(s):

Noble Metals ◽

Nickel Nanoparticles ◽

Carbon Deposition ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Nickel Catalysts ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Single Atom ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Nanoparticle Catalysts

The conversion of CH4 and CO2 to syngas using low-cost nickel catalysts has attracted considerable interest in the clean energy and environment field. Nickel nanoparticles catalysts suffer from serious deactivation due mainly to carbon deposition. Here, we report a facile synthesis of Ni single-atom and nanoparticle catalysts dispersed on hydroxyapatite (HAP) support using the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method. Ni single-atom catalysts exhibit excellent resistance to carbon deposition and high atom efficiency with the highest reaction rate of 1186.2 and 816.5 mol.gNi−1.h−1 for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Although Ni single-atom catalysts aggregate quickly to large particles, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted synthesis exhibited a significant improvement of Ni single-atom stability. Characterizations of spent catalysts revealed that carbon deposition is more favorable over nickel nanoparticles. Interestingly, it was found that, separately, CH4 decomposition on nickel nanoparticle catalysts and subsequent gasification of deposit carbon with CO2 resulted in CO generation, which indicates that carbon is reacting as an intermediate species during reaction. Accordingly, the approach used in this work for the design and control of Ni single-atom and nanoparticles-based catalysts, for dry reforming of methane (DRM), paves the way towards the development of stable noble metals-free catalysts.

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In Situ Transesterification of Sewage Sludge for Biodiesel Production

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.520 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 768 ◽

pp. 520-525

Author(s):

Fen Fen Zhu ◽

Juan Juan Qi ◽

Xiang Wei ◽

Lu Yao Zhao ◽

Yi Qun Xiong

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

In Situ Transesterification ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Optimum Synthesis

To develop new clean energy has become an urgent task for many countries forced by the energy and environment crisis. To make biodiesel from sewage sludge is one of the solutions. In this study, biodiesel production from sewage sludge by in situ transesterification was discussed. The solvent is methanol and catalyst is sulfuric acid. In-situ transesterification, has many merits over conventional transesterification reaction such as it simply the procedure by skipping the step of lipid extraction and as a result cost can be saved. That is, the steps — sludge dissolved, lipid extraction and transesterification reactions — take place simultaneously. Methanol acts as an extraction solvent and as an esterification reagent as well. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal parameters of in-situ transesterification for maximizing the yield of biodiesel, which are methanol to sludge mass ratio, acid concentration and temperature. The optimum synthesis condition was determined by orthogonal test L16 (43), and it was found that an optimum biodiesel yield can be obtained from sewage sludge by in-situ transesterification (16.6%) at methanol to sludge mass ratio 10:1(w/w), H2SO4 concentration 5% (v/v), and temperature 65°C. Temperature, H2SO4 concentration, and methanol to sludge mass ratio in sequence had significant influence on FAMEs yield. The FAMEs in the product were analyzed by GC-MS and the purity can be higher than 96%.

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Forecasting short-term solar energy generation in Asia Pacific using a nonlinear grey Bernoulli model with time power term

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x20960700 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0958305X2096070

Author(s):

Wenqing Wu ◽

Xin Ma ◽

Bo Zeng ◽

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

Wanpeng Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Quadrature Rule ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽

Bernoulli Model ◽

British Petroleum ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Heating And Cooling

Solar energy as one type of renewable energy is the cleanest and most abundant energy source available. It is mainly used for photovoltaics, solar heating and cooling, and solar power generation. With the crisis of energy and environment, the solar energy generation is becoming a research hotspot in clean energy production. In this paper, the solar energy generation in Asia Pacific including Australia, South Korea, China, Japan and India are studied by a new nonlinear univariate grey Bernoulli model with time power term. Analytical solution of the model is derived by the grey technique, the theory of ordinary differential equations and the two-point Gauss quadrature rule of integration. And the nonlinear parameters are determined by the grey wolf optimizer and the linearized form of the new model. According to historical data from 2011 to 2018 stated by British Petroleum, forecasting models are built to calculate the solar energy generation of the five countries from 2019 to 2023.

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Analysis On The Path And Difficulties Of Chemical Energy Marketization Reform

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125203042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 03042

Author(s):

Dawei Wang

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Central Government ◽

Information Age ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy System ◽

Chemical Energy ◽

Energy Market ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Industrial Chain ◽

Marketization Reform

Chemical energy market-oriented reform is a series of important meeting requirements of the central government, which has a very arduous reform task in the context of the information age. In view of this phenomenon, analysis on the path and difficulties of chemical energy marketization reform. The market-oriented reform of chemical energy is the requirement of a series of important meetings of the central government, which has a very arduous reform task in the context of the information age. In view of this phenomenon, the path and difficulties of chemical energy market-oriented reform are analyzed. Build a complex of multiple system subtypes, integrate the price, output, benefit and other indicators of chemical materials to reach a balance point, and meet the different needs of market-oriented reform of different chemical energy enterprises; coordinate the overall reform of the whole industrial chain, including the top-level design of the whole industrial chain reform, the combination of state-owned enterprise reform and chemical industry reform, and the reform of government approval In addition, we should take a comprehensive view of energy and environment, and vigorously develop renewable energy and clean energy. Through the analysis of the difficulties in the market-oriented reform of chemical energy, it is concluded that: at present, the administrative measures for the market-oriented reform of chemical energy in China are temporary but not permanent, most energy enterprises think that the attraction of the proposed policies is low and can not promote the market-oriented reform of chemical energy enterprises; the energy system can not be typified, and it is difficult to classify it as planned economy or market economy based on the atypical characteristics of chemical energy market Market economy increases the difficulty of chemical energy market-oriented reform.

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