Energy Market in the Post-COVID-19 World

The objective of this chapter was to structurally model the high priority factors in the face of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 on the energy market. The method was based on interpretive structural modeling, and the matrix of crossed impacts multiplication was applied to classification. A model of 12 factors structured hierarchically in six levels is proposed in which consumption preferences, regulatory and normative modifications, political restrictions, and planning strategies have the greatest influence on the energy market from the perspective of China. As a result of this, it is suggested to move towards greater participation of public and private actors in renewable energy vectors.

Optimization of Energy in Smart Farms Using a Genetic Algorithm

The need for energy in the agriculture field is increasing as a result of increasing the productivity of these fields. The appearance of smart grid and IoT (internet of objects) enabled farmers to control, manage, and optimize the energy consumption. Agriculture will continue to rely on energy to increase its productivity in line with increasing population and great demand. In this chapter, the authors present an integrated model between SmartFarms, the smart-grid, and optimization methods. In this way, smart forms can participate actively and benefit from the energy market. In this chapter, they consider the electrical energy that is directly used in activities ranging from field processes such as irrigation of land. Energy is also indirectly consumed in synthetic additives notably fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. In addition, the authors can consider the electrical energy, which is used for powering some agricultural machines.

Processes of Modernization of Consumption in Poland in the Context of the Sustainable Consumption and the Functioning of the Renewable Energy Market

The process of consumption modernization can be expressed by adopting the principles of sustainable development within the sphere of consumption. It should be emphasized that the implementation of a sustainable consumption model becomes especially important when considering the fact that not only various types of enterprises but also consumers participate in the excessive consumption of natural resources. The processes of sustainable consumption that are related to its humanization and the formation of a responsible society are a response to the overconsumption of goods and services, which is not determined by actual human needs and does not consider social and ecological costs. The aim of the paper is to present a process of consumption modernization in Poland in the context of the functioning of the renewable energy market. Special attention is paid to behaviours that are consistent with the sustainable consumption model, as well as with the motives for using renewable energy sources by Polish consumers and the perception of barriers to increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Poland. This paper is based on literature studies, as well as on the results of an empirical study of quantitative character that was performed in 2021 on a nationwide representative sample of 1020 people. The contribution of the article is represented by showing the motivation of Polish consumers to use renewable energy sources and by indicating barriers to the development of the use of renewable energy sources by consumers in Poland. The analysis of the research results shows that the aspect of saving money plays a significant role among the motives for using renewable energy sources. At the same time, high investment costs in devices that enable the use of renewable energy sources are the main factor that is limiting the increase in the use of renewable energy sources in Poland.

Energy policy and the energy market in the EU states: a retrospective view

The aim of the article is to present the most important goals in energy policy to be achieved in the near term in the context of sustainable development. The starting point for the analysis is the assessment of the condition of the energy sector, as goals and tasks result from a number of circumstances and conditions of the energy supply sector. The strategic goals of climate and energy policies presented in the study show the necessary challenges for the implementation of sustainable development within the analyzed sector, which is the driving force world economies.