HP-02-003 Attachment style, sexual orientation and biological sex in their relationship with the gender role

The categorization of dominant facial features, such as sex, is a highly relevant function for social interaction. It has been found that attributes of the perceiver, such as their biological sex, influence the perception of sexually dimorphic facial features with women showing higher recognition performance for female faces than men. However, evidence on how aspects closely related to biological sex influence face sex categorization are scarce. Using a previously validated set of sex-morphed facial images (morphed from male to female and vice versa), we aimed to investigate the influence of the participant’s gender role identification and sexual orientation on face sex categorization, besides their biological sex. Image ratings, questionnaire data on gender role identification and sexual orientation were collected from 67 adults (34 females). Contrary to previous literature, biological sex per se was not significantly associated with image ratings. However, an influence of participant sexual attraction and gender role identity became apparent: participants identifying with male gender attributes and showing attraction toward females perceived masculinized female faces as more male and femininized male faces as more female when compared to participants identifying with female gender attributes and attraction toward males. Considering that we found these effects in a predominantly cisgender and heterosexual sample, investigation of face sex perception in individuals identifying with a gender different from their assigned sex (i.e., transgender people) might provide further insights into how assigned sex and gender identity are related.

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Attachment Style, Sexual Orientation, and Sexual Versus Emotional Jealousy

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e353152004-001 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Forssell

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Attachment Style

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Measuring Gender Role Conflict, Internalized Stigma, and Racial and Sexual Identity in Behaviorally Bisexual Black Men

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-01925-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Homero E. del Pino ◽

W. Neil Steers ◽

Martin Lee ◽

Jason McCuller ◽

Ron D. Hays ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Role ◽

Black Men ◽

Role Conflict ◽

Gender Role Conflict ◽

Internalized Homophobia ◽

Two Factors ◽

Race And Sexuality ◽

Simple Factor ◽

Sex With Men

AbstractBlack men who have sex with men and women (BMSMW) experience pressure to fill hypermasculine ideals and may not identify with “gay” cultural norms. Existing measures of gender role expectations and internalized homophobia are not culturally appropriate for BMSMW. Researchers generally measure categorical identification with race, gender, and sexual orientation groups separately, whereas BMSMW may identify with multiple categories. We modified the Gender Role Conflict Scale to create the M-GRCS and the Internalized Homophobia Scale to include biphobia (Internalized Bi/Homophobia Scale, IBHS). To examine identification at the intersection of race, gender, and sexual orientation, we created 11 Integrated Race and Sexuality Scale (IRSS) items. With data from 429 BMSMW, we conducted exploratory factor analysis of the 59 items using categorical principal axis factoring with unweighted least squares extraction and Promax factor rotation. We created simple-summated multi-item scales and evaluated their construct validity. The rotated solution yielded four factors with 47 items and a simple factor structure: M-GRCS defined two factors (α = .93 for restricted emotionality/affection; .87 for success/power/competition); the IBHS (α = .89) and IRSS (α = .74) each defined a single factor. The IRSS factor was positively correlated with the Lukwago Racial Pride Scale, r(417) = .40. The IBHS factor was negatively correlated with the IRSS factor, r(414) = − .22. The two M-GRCS factors suggest that the construct of hypermasculinity impacts BMSMW. The high IBHS reliability indicates that homophobia and biphobia were positively correlated in this sample. These three scales have potential for future studies with BMSMW.

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Recalled and current gender role behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation in adults with Disorders/Differences of Sex Development

Hormones and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 8-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nina Callens ◽

Maaike Van Kuyk ◽

Jet H. van Kuppenveld ◽

Stenvert L.S. Drop ◽

Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Role Behavior ◽

Sex Development ◽

Gender Role Behavior ◽

Differences Of Sex Development

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The impact of stereotyped perceptions of entrepreneurship and gender-role orientation on Slovak women’s entrepreneurial intentions

Gender in Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/gm-06-2020-0179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Adamus ◽

Vladimíra Čavojová ◽

Jakub Šrol

Keyword(s):

Gender Role ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Gender Role Orientation ◽

Content Type ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Working Age ◽

Successful Entrepreneurs ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate how congruence between the image of a successful entrepreneur and one’s own gender-role orientation affects entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach A total of 552 working-age adults (49.5% women) answered questions on gender-role orientation, perception of a successful entrepreneur, EI, antecedents of EI (perceived behavioural control (PBC), subjective norm (SN), attitude towards entrepreneurship), entrepreneurial self-efficacy and risk aversion. Findings Women reported a lower EI than men, and both male and female participants perceived successful entrepreneurs as masculine. In the final model, biological sex did not predict EIs. Rather, it was associated with the extent to which participants felt they resembled successful entrepreneurs, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of PBC, SNs and attitudes towards entrepreneurship, as well as greater EI. Originality/value The study is one of the first to study joint impacts of biological sex, gender and congruence on EIs.

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Gender Differences in Digital Learning During COVID-19: Competence Beliefs, Intrinsic Value, Learning Engagement, and Perceived Teacher Support

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Selma Korlat ◽

Marlene Kollmayer ◽

Julia Holzer ◽

Marko Lüftenegger ◽

Elisabeth Rosa Pelikan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Role ◽

Teacher Support ◽

Intrinsic Value ◽

Self Concept ◽

Digital Learning ◽

Learning Engagement ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Competence Beliefs ◽

Perceived Teacher Support

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic quickly necessitated digital learning, which bore challenges for all pupils but especially for groups disadvantaged in a virtual classroom. As some studies indicate persistent differences between boys and girls in use of technologies and related skills, the aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the digital learning environment students faced in spring 2020. Previous studies investigating gender differences in digital learning largely used biological sex as the only indicator of gender. This study includes both biological sex and gender role self-concept in order to investigate the role of gender in different components of this stereotyped domain in a more differentiated way. A total of 19,190 Austrian secondary school students (61.9% girls, Mage = 14.55, SDage = 2.49, age range 10–21) participated in an online study in April 2020 and answered questions regarding their competence beliefs, intrinsic value, engagement, and perceived teacher support in digital learning during the pandemic-induced school closures. Results showed higher perceived teacher support, intrinsic value, and learning engagement among girls than boys, while no significant sex differences were found in competence beliefs regarding digital learning. Furthermore, our results indicated clear benefits of an androgynous gender role self-concept for all studied components of digital learning. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.

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Sex × Gender and Sexual Orientation in Relation to Stress Hormones and Allostatic Load

Gender and the Genome ◽

10.1177/2470289719862555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 247028971986255

Author(s):

Robert-Paul Juster

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Gender Medicine ◽

Stress Hormone ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Related Disease ◽

Biological Variable ◽

Wear And Tear ◽

Clinical Considerations

In this selective review, emerging literature linking biological sex, sociocultural gender, and sexual orientation to stress hormone functioning and multisystemic physiological dysregulations are summarized. Beyond sex as a binary biological variable, continuums of sex hormones, gender roles, gender identity, and sexual orientation each uniquely help delineate pathways and mechanisms linked to stress-related disease trajectories. This implicates glucocorticoid functioning and allostatic load, the “wear and tear” of chronic stress in synergy with unhealthy behaviors. Clinical considerations are also discussed for the field of gender medicine.

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