scholarly journals Culture and the cross-country differences in the gender commuting gap

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 103184
Author(s):  
Miriam Marcén ◽  
Marina Morales
Keyword(s):  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Measuring Total Factor Productivity: Accounting for cross country differences in income per capita // Мјерење укупне факторске продуктивности: обрачун међудржавних разлика у БДП-у по раднику

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Stevo Pucar ◽  
Zoran Borovic
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Development Accounting ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross

Summary: Why are some countries so much richer than others? Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? Influential works by Klenow & Rodriguez-Clare (1997), Hall and Jones (1999), and Parente & Prescott (2000), among others, have argued that most of the cross country differences in output per worker is explained by differences in total factor productivity. Total factor productivity measurement enables researchers to determine the contribution of supply-side production factors to economic growth. Development Accounting is a first-pass attempt at organizing the answer around two proximate determinants: factors of production and efficiency. It answers the question “how much of the cross-country income variance can be attributed to differences in (physical and human) capital, and how much to differences in the efficiency with which capital is used’’?In this article, we will outline framework for growth accounting to account for cross-country difference in income of Republic of Srpska, Republic of Croatia and Republic of Serbia. The current consensus is that differences in income per worker across countries do not arise primarly from differences in quantities in capital or labour, but rather from differences in efficiency with which are these factors used. We find that total factor productivity is very important for the growth of output per worker, but only in cases of Serbia and Croatia. In case of Srpska the most important factor for the growth of output per worker is growth of capital.Резиме: Зашто су неке земље толико богатије од других? Зашто неке земље остварују много већи обим производње по раднику од других? Утицајни радови Klenow и Rodriguez-Clare (1997), Hall и Jones (1999), и Parente и Prescott (2000), између осталих, тврдили су да је највећи број међудржавних разлика у обиму производње по раднику резултат разлика у Укупној Факторској Продуктивности. Мјерење Укупне Факторске Продуктивности омогућава истраживачима да утврде допринос фактора на страни понуде привредном расту. Развој ‘’рачуноводства раста’’ представља први покушаја анализирања двије сродне детерминанте раста: фактори производње и ефикасности.  Ова анализа даје одговор на питање “колико су међудржавне разлике у оствареном БДП-у резултат међудржавних разлика у (физичком и људском) капиталу, а колико су резултат разлика у ефикасности којом се капитал користи’’?У овом раду ћемо приказати оквир за “рачуноводство раста’’ који ће се примјенити за обрачун међудржавних разлика у БДП-у по раднику за Републику Српску, Републику Хрватску и Републику Србију. Тренутни консензус међу ауторима је да разлике у БДП-у по раднику између земаља не настају првенствено због разлика у количинама капитала или рада, него због разлика у ефикасности са којом се ови фактори користе. Анализом смо дошли до закључка да је Укупна Факторска Продуктивност веома важна за раст производње по раднику, али само у случајевима Србије и Хрватске. У случају Српске најважнији фактор за раст производње по раднику је раст техничко-технолошке опремљености рада капиталом.

scholarly journals Explaining the cross-country differences in the economic fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Dimitra Dimitropoulou ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Theophilakou
Keyword(s):  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross

Inflation Developments and Perceptions after the Euro Cash Changeover

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Inflation Perceptions

Abstract This paper analyses the evolution of inflation and of consumers’ inflation perceptions in the aftermath of the euro cash changeover. It finds that the cross-country variation of food product inflation was dependent on the complexity of conversion rates, with statistically significant and economically sizeable effects especially for low-priced items sold in mid-priced stores. The paper also shows that cross-country differences in the mismatch of perceived and actual inflation were linked to differences in the complexity of conversion rates. These results are in line with theories of finite information-processing capacities on the side of consumers.

scholarly journals Innovation in SMEs and Financing Mix

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Joanna Błach ◽  
Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala ◽  
Joanna Trzęsiok
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Financing Gap ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship

This study addresses the types of innovation activity of SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises) in the European Union and its association with financing decisions. The main objective is to capture the cross-country differences in the types of innovation in SMEs and then investigate the relationship between the types of innovations and relevance of a given type of funding. In the empirical examinations, we use the non-parametric methods, due to the nature of the data. We have found out that there are differences in the types of innovation activity of SMEs in the cross-country dimension. We have also confirmed the contingencies between the types of innovations undertaken by SMEs in each cluster of the European countries, which suggests that various types of innovations co-exist. However, we have not found any unified pattern of correlations between the relevance of a given source of financing and a given type of innovation. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate on the different intensity of innovation activity of SMEs, as linked to the problem of the SMEs financing gap as one of the fundamental drivers of innovation.

scholarly journals The Size Distribution of Farms and International Productivity Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1667-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasso Adamopoulos ◽  
Diego Restuccia
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Size Distortions ◽  
Price Distortions

We study the determinants of differences in farm size across countries and their impact on agricultural and aggregate productivity using a quantitative sectoral model featuring a distribution of farms. Measured aggregate factors (capital, land, economy-wide productivity) account for one-quarter of the observed differences in farm size and productivity. Policies and institutions that misallocate resources across farms have the potential to account for the remaining differences. Exploiting within-country variation in crop-specific price distortions and their correlation with farm size, we construct a cross-country measure of farm-size distortions which together with aggregate factors accounts for one-half of the cross-country differences in size and productivity. (JEL D24, J24, J43, L11, O13, Q12, Q18)

How Does Firm Size Explain Cross-Country Differences in Ownership Concentration?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Moshirian ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy ◽  
Jin Yu ◽  
Bohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Connections Between Cultures: Using Empirical Distributions for Measuring Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 002202212098237
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Messner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

The past few decades have seen an explosion in the interest in cultural differences and their impact on many aspects of business management. A noticeable feature of most academic studies and practitioner approaches is the predominant use of national boundaries and group-level averages as delimiters and proxies for culture. However, this largely ignores the significance that intra-country differences and cross-country similarities can have for identifying psychological phenomena. This article argues for the importance of considering intra-cultural variation for establishing connections between two different cultures. It uses empirical distributions of cultural values that occur naturally within a country, thereby making intracultural differences interpretable and actionable. For measuring cross-country differences, the Gini/Weitzman overlapping index and the Kullback-Leibler divergence coefficient are used as difference measures between two distributions. The properties of these measures in comparison to traditional group-level mean-based distance measures are analyzed, and implications for cross-cultural and international business research are discussed.

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