Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: Derivation, validation, and application of an empirical equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 103057
Author(s):  
Luofeng Huang ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Christopher Ryan ◽  
Jonas W. Ringsberg ◽  
Blanca Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Ship Resistance ◽  
Ice Floes

scholarly journals Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 102817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luofeng Huang ◽  
Jukka Tuhkuri ◽  
Bojan Igrec ◽  
Minghao Li ◽  
Dimitris Stagonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ship Resistance ◽  
Ice Floes

scholarly journals Ship Resistance When Operating in Floating Ice Floes: A Derivation of Empirical Equations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luofeng Huang ◽  
Christopher Ryan ◽  
Bojan Igrec ◽  
Andrea Grech La Rosa ◽  
Dimitris Stagonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Ship Resistance ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
Ship Performance ◽  
Propulsion Power ◽  
Ship Speed

Abstract With the effects of global warming, the Arctic is presenting a new environment where numerous ice floes are floating on the open sea surface. Whilst this has unprecedentedly improved Arctic shipping navigability and brought about significant opportunities, the interaction of such floes with ships has yet to be understood, thus hindering appropriate assessment of corresponding ship performance. This paper presents work on developing empirical equations to estimate the effects of such floes on ship resistance. Based on extensive data from validated computational simulations, the ice-floe resistance has been shown to correlate with ship beam, ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter, and the regression powers of each the parameter on resistance are ascertained for a container ship. This leads to an empirical equation that can immediately predict ice-floe resistance in a given condition. The proposed approach has the potential to facilitate propulsion power estimates for Arctic shipping, as well as providing valuable insights into ship design for these environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Ship Resistance When Operating in Floating Ice Floes: A Derivation of Empirical Equations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luofeng Huang ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Christopher Ryan ◽  
Minghao Li ◽  
Jonas Ringsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Ship Resistance ◽  
Ice Floes

Experimental study of ship resistance in artificial ice floes

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 103102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zong ◽  
B.Y. Yang ◽  
Z. Sun ◽  
G.Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ship Resistance ◽  
Ice Floes

Ship Resistance and Propulsion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Molland ◽  
Stephen R. Turnock ◽  
Dominic A. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Ship Resistance

Prediction of Palm Based Biodiesel Properties Through the Preparation of Empirical Equation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Joelianingsih Joelianingsih ◽  
◽  
Marcelinus Christwardana ◽  
Is Sulistyati Purwaningsih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Biodiesel Properties

Laboratory Prediction of Phosphorus Release from Deciduous Leaves to Urban Runoff

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Culbert ◽  
Robert France
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract In urban centres, leaves are customarily gathered and temporarily stored in large roadside piles prior to their transport to disposal sites. To simulate the release of total phosphorus to urban runoff, birch and trembling aspen leaves were leached with distilled water in laboratory flasks. There was no difference in rate of total phosphorus release between oven-dried and non-dried leaves. An empirical equation developed from these data and knowledge of the litterfall rates for southern Canada indicated that leaves yielded from 11 to 45 mg TP m−2 of forested watershed. This amount represents up to 5% of the total export of total phosphorus from urban catchments and has the potential to exacerbate eutrophication of municipal waters if leaf pickup is not promptly enforced.

An equation for the empirical design of anoxic zones used to eliminate rising sludges at nitrifying activated sludge plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarioglu ◽  
N. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Secondary Settling ◽  
Anoxic Zones

Anoxic zones are designed for the removal of nitrogen in nitrifying activated sludge plants. This can be carried out either to achieve a nitrogen discharge consent or to eliminate the problem of rising sludges. The rising sludge problem is mostly encountered in medium and small size plants in warm conditions and there is limited information as to the appropriate design of anoxic zones to protect against rising sludges in the secondary sedimentation tanks. Therefore a series of batch experiments were undertaken in order to establish the critical concentration of nitrate-nitrogen which causes rising sludge in the secondary settling tank and the effect of environmental factors such as temperature (15°C to 30°C) and residual carbon source (100 to 600 mg/1 COD) were examined. Based on the results of these experiments an empirical equation was presented which can be used to size an anoxic zone to eliminate rising sludges. The application of this equation at full-scale plants is discussed.

Equation of state of a Lennard-Jones 12-6 pairwise additive fluid

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sýs ◽  
Anatol Malijevský
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Properties ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Compressibility Factors

An empirical equation of state was proposed, which is based on pseudoexperimental data on the state behaviour. The equation can be used at reduced temperatures from the range 0.7-100.0 and reduced densities up to 2. Calculated compressibility factors and critical properties agree well with available literature data.

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