Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis from blood plasma via anti-biofouling tuned membrane incorporated with graphene oxide-modified carrageenan

Background. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) often develops rapidly and frequently progresses to renal failure, while the recurrence rate after kidney transplantation is 20–50%. We performed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis before kidney transplantation in FSGS patients to prevent recurrence. Methods. Five adult patients with chronic renal failure due to FSGS undergoing living related donor kidney transplantation were investigated retrospectively. LDL apheresis was done 1-2 times before transplantation. Postoperative renal function and recurrence of FSGS were assessed. Results. The patients were two men and three women aged 24 to 41 years. The observation period ranged from 60 days to 22 months. Preoperative LDL apheresis was performed once in one patient and twice in four patients. Blood LDL cholesterol levels were normal before LDL apheresis and remained normal both after LDL apheresis and after kidney transplantation. Additional LDL apheresis was performed once in one patient with mild proteinuria after transplantation. The renal graft survived in all patients and there was no evidence of recurrent FSGS. Conclusions. Although the observation period was short, FSGS did not recur in all 5 patients receiving preoperative LDL apheresis. These results suggest that LDL apheresis can be effective in preventing recurrence of FSGS after kidney transplantation.

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Changes in Bradykinin and Prostaglandins Plasma Levels during Dextran-sulfate Low-density-lipoprotein Apheresis

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889702000310 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 178-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

S. Kojima ◽

M. Ogi ◽

Y. Yoshitomi ◽

M. Kuramochi ◽

J. Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Levels ◽

Dextran Sulfate ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Guanosine Monophosphate ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Plasma Kallikrein ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldl Apheresis

The negative charges of dextran-sulfate (DS) used for low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis initiate the intrinsic coagulation pathway in which plasma kallikrein acts on the high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce large amounts of bradykinin. This study was undertaken to assess whether bradykinin generated during DS LDL apheresis has any physiologic effects in vivo. The plasma levels of bradykinin, prostaglandins and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were compared, when either of two anticoagulants, heparin or nafamostat mesilate (NM), was used during DS LDL apheresis. Although anticoagulative action by NM depends on the inhibition of thrombin activity, this substance also inhibits the activity of plasma kallikrein. During apheresis using heparin, the plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased significantly (5.6 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE, n=4) pg/ml before apheresis and 33.4 ± 13.2 after apheresis, p < 0.05) in association with an increase in bradykinin levels (17.9 ± 2.6 pg/ml before apheresis and 470 ± 135 after apheresis, p < 0.01). Interestingly, these changes were suppressed during apheresis using NM. There were no appreciable changes in cGMP during DS LDL apheresis with either of the anticoagulants. This finding suggests that bradykinin generated during apheresis has some pathophysiological effects via activation of the prostaglandin system. Our results support the view that in patients taking angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors, the anaphylactoid reaction occurring during apheresis may be caused by an excessive rise in the bradykinin levels.

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Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability before and after LDL apheresis

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90223-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 881-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Markus G. Donner ◽

Klaus G. Parhofer ◽

Werner O. Richter ◽

Peter Schwandt

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldl Apheresis ◽

Before And After

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Urinary Neopterin and Microalbuminuria in Patients Treated by Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis

Pteridines ◽

10.1515/pteridines.2005.16.4.174 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 174-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Melanie Cermanová ◽

Bohuslav Melichar ◽

Dagmar Solichová ◽

Milan Bláha ◽

Vladimir Bláha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Atheromatous Plaque ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Low Density ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Ldl Apheresis ◽

Urinary Neopterin ◽

Lipoprotein Disorders

Abstract Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis is a method of extracorporeal elimination of LDL-cholesterol in patients with severe primary lipoprotein disorders. LDL-cholesterol activates macrophages, which play an important role in atheromatous plaque formation. In the present study, we have investigated urinary neopterin, a specific marker of macrophage activation and microalbuminuria, an indicator of generalized vascular dysfunction, after a single LDL-apheresis procedure in 10 patients with severe primary lipoprotein disorder. The urinary neopterin/creatinine ratio was increased in patients compared to controls. No significant changes of the neopterin/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios were observed after LDL-apheresis, except a significant (p < 0.006) decrease of urinary neopterin/creatinine ratio in the evening after the apheresis. This decrease showed significant negative correlation with the pre-apheretic levels of atherogenic cholesterol fractions (p < 0.05) and with cholesterol decrease during the apheresis (p < 0.05). Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio correlated positively with total and LDL-cholesterol levels before the apheresis and with the evening urinary neopterin/creatinine ratio after the apheresis, but did not correlate with glycemia and triacylglycerides. Elevated urinary neopterin in the patients with severe primary lipoprotein disorders reflects the presence of atherosclerosis. A single LDL-apheresis procedure did not significantly affect microalbuminuria. The decrease of urinary neopterin in the evening after the apheresis corresponds with the diurnal rhythm of neopterin excretion and was less pronounced in patients with more severe hypercholesterolemia. The correlations between microalbuminuria, neopterin and pre-apheretic cholesterol concentrations indicate a possible connection between microvascular dysfunction, macrophage activity and severity of hyperlipidemia, but these results should be interpreted with caution because of small number of subjects evaluated.

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The effect of plasma low density lipoprotein apheresis on the hepatic secretion of biliary lipids in humans

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.41.5.700 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 700-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C G Hillebrant ◽

B Nyberg ◽

K Einarsson ◽

M Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Bile Acids ◽

Biliary Drainage ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Secretion Rate ◽

Biliary Secretion ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldl Apheresis ◽

T Tube ◽

Vldl Cholesterol

Background—The liver is a key organ in the metabolism of cholesterol in humans. It is the only organ by which substantial amounts of cholesterol are excreted from the body, either directly as free cholesterol into the bile or after conversion to bile acids. The major part of cholesterol synthesis in the body occurs in the liver. Cholesterol is also taken up by the liver from plasma lipoproteins. The relative contributions of newly synthesised cholesterol and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol to bile acid synthesis and biliary cholesterol secretion, respectively, are not known in detail.Aims—To determine how a rapid lowering of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol influences the biliary secretion rates of cholesterol and bile acids in patients with cholesterol gallstones and complete biliary drainage. In this model with a completely interrupted enterohepatic circulation, the secretion of bile acids equals the new synthesis of bile acids in the liver.Patients—Eight patients with common bile duct stones of cholesterol type undergoing conventional cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy.Methods—At operation a balloon occludable Foley catheter attached to a T tube was inserted into the bile duct with the balloon placed just past the distal limb of the T tube. The T tube was allowed to drain the bile externally. One week after the operation the Foley catheter balloon was inflated, creating complete biliary drainage. Twelve hours following the inflation plasma LDL apheresis was carried out for two hours. Bile was collected for 15 minute periods starting one hour before the apheresis and ending two hours after its termination. During the collection of bile, plasma lipids were analysed on several occasions.Results—The plasma level of LDL cholesterol decreased by 26% from (mean (SEM)) 2.19 (0.29) to 1.63 (0.17) mmol/l during the LDL apheresis while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in plasma was unaffected. During LDL apheresis apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins bind to the column, causing a significant decrease of not only plasma LDL but also of VLDL cholesterol. The secretion rate of bile acids decreased significantly by 31% from 131 (38) to 90 (16) μmol/15 minutes (p=0.045). The output of phospholipids also decreased by 19%. The biliary secretion rate of cholesterol was not, however, affected by the plasma LDL apheresis.Conclusions—The results suggest that, in patients with cholesterol gallstones and complete biliary drainage, lowering of plasma LDL and VLDL cholesterol reduces the biliary secretion rate—synthesis—of bile acids without affecting the biliary secretion rate of cholesterol.

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Low-density lipoprotein mimics blood plasma-derived exosomes and microvesicles during isolation and detection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep24316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Barbara W Sódar ◽

Ágnes Kittel ◽

Krisztina Pálóczi ◽

Krisztina V Vukman ◽

Xabier Osteikoetxea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density

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Direct Adsorption of Low-Density Lipoprotein by DALI-LDL-Apheresis: Results of a Prospective Long-term Multicenter Follow-up Covering 12 291 Sessions

Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis ◽

10.1111/j.1744-9987.2006.00336.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 210-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Thomas Bosch ◽

Simon Gahr ◽

Ulrike Belschner ◽

Claudia Schaefer ◽

Andrea Lennertz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldl Apheresis ◽

Direct Adsorption

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Scoping Review: Pengaruh Bensin terhadap Peningkatan Kadar LDL pada Plasma Darah Tikus

Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains ◽

10.29313/jiks.v3i1.7382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

Yola Noveraz Nasa ◽

Nugraha Sutadipura ◽

Santun Bhekti Rahimah

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Low Density ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Gasoline Lead

Konsumsi bensin sejak tahun 2000 sampai 2014 meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor setiap tahun. Bensin memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan berupa polusi dan terhadap kesehatan seperti gangguan paru, ginjal, penyakit kulit, serta perubahan profil lipid berupa peningkatan kadar low-density lipoprotein (LDL) yang dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian penyakit jantung koroner dan sindrom metabolik. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh paparan bensin terhadap kadar LDL pada plasma darah manusia yang dimulai dengan kajian terhadap hewan coba. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif dengan prosedur scoping review dengan cara mengidentifikasi, menganalisis dan mengevaluasi karya ilmiah sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta diskrining menggunakan kriteria kelayakan (Eligibility criteria). Hasil penelitian didapatkan sepuluh artikel dari jumlah awal 10.486 artikel yang ditemukan dari kata kunci. Sepuluh artikel yang sesuai dengan PICO (Population: tikus; Intervention: bensin, lead atau benzene; Comparison: tikus yang tidak dipaparkan bensin, lead atau benzene; Outcome: kadar LDL pada plasma darah) menunjukkan peningkatan kadar LDL plasma pada kelompok tikus yang diberi paparan bensin, timbal atau benzena daripada kelompok kontrol. Hal tersebut diakibatkan stres oksidatif dari induksi lead atau benzene yang menekan aktivitas antioksidan dan meningkatkan reactive oxygen species di tubuh sehingga terjadi cidera hepar dan metabolisme lipoproteinpun terganggu. Pada akhirnya bensin yang memiliki komponen benzene atau lead mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar LDL plasma. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat pengaruh bensin terhadap kadar LDL pada plasma darah tikus dan beberapa komponen bensin yang berperan, yaitu timbal dan benzena. Scoping Review: Effect of Gasoline on Increasing Blood Plasma LDL Levels in Rats Gasoline consumption from 2000 to 2014 increased along with the increase in the number of motorized vehicles each year. Gasoline harms the environment in the form of pollution and on the health of lung, kidney, skin diseases, and changes in the lipid profile in the form of increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which can increase the incidence of coronary and metabolic heart disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of gasoline exposure on LDL levels in human blood plasma starting with a study of experimental animals. The research method used is descriptive with a scoping review procedure by identifying, analyzing, and evaluating scientific papers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and screening using eligibility criteria. The research results obtained ten articles from the initial number of 10,486 articles found from keywords. Ten PICO-compliant articles (Population: rats; Intervention: gasoline, lead or benzene; Comparison: rats not exposed to gasoline, lead or benzene; Results: LDL levels in blood plasma) showed increased plasma LDL levels in the group of rats exposed to gasoline, lead or benzene control group. This is due to oxidative stress from lead or benzene induction which suppresses antioxidant activity and increases reactive oxygen species in the body, resulting in liver injury, impaired lipoprotein metabolism. In the end, gasoline which has benzene or lead component causes an increase in plasma LDL levels. This study concludes that there is an effect of gasoline on LDL levels in rat blood plasma, and several components of gasoline that play a role, namely lead and benzene.

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