The fatigue life of 7050 Al alloy samples after different surface treatments, i.e., as-machined, anodizing, shot peening, and shot peening followed by anodizing, had been tested. The shot peening treatment specimens presented the longest average fatigue life. The fatigue life of anodizing treatment specimens decreased by 69.3% and 78.8% at 215 MPa and 260 MPa stress levels than as-machined ones. Introducing the shot peening treatment before anodizing can increase the fatigue life by 220% / 296.9% at 215 MPa/260 Mpa than that only treated by anodizing. The effect of the surface treatments on the fatigue life were studied by performing surface morphology investigation, residual stress measurements and fracture surface analysis.