Potential effect of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (thymol) alone and in combination with fluconazole against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei

The ability of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and candida tropicalis to invade through normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa was determined. Adult mice were treated with either gentamicin or gentamicin and cytarabine. Suspensions of yeast cells (10(7)) were administered through a catheter intraesophageally. Invasion was determined by culturing liver, kidney, and lung tissue from mice sacrificed after 48 h. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were incapable of invading through normal gastrointestinal mucosa in mice treated only with gentamicin. Two isolates of C. tropicalis penetrated the damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in 69% (49 of 71) of mice treated with gentamicin and cytarabine. In contrast, three isolates of C. albicans penetrated he damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in only 23% (14 of 62) of mice. These results suggest that C. tropicalis is more capable of invading through damaged gastrointestinal mucosa than C. albicans. The observations in this mouse model parallel those seen in patients on cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, this model offers a tool for investigation of the pathogenicity of these organisms in a model analogous to the compromised host.

Download Full-text

Comparison of 3 Alcohol Gels and 70% Ethyl Alcohol for Hand Hygiene

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/591092 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 960-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mirian Nicéa Zarpellon ◽

Vanessa Sarto Soares ◽

Natal Rodrigo Albrecht ◽

Douglas Ricardo da Silva Bergamasco ◽

Lourdes Botelho Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Ethyl Alcohol ◽

Laboratory Study ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Human Volunteers

In a laboratory study, we demonstrated that 3 alcohol-based hand gels, commercially available in Brazil, were as effective as the traditional 70% ethyl alcohol (by weight) in removing clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Candida albicans from heavily contaminated hands of human volunteers.

Download Full-text

Robust, Comprehensive Molecular, and Phenotypical Characterisation of Atypical Candida albicans Clinical Isolates From Bogotá, Colombia

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.571147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Rodríguez-Leguizamón ◽

Andrés Ceballos-Garzón ◽

Carlos F. Suárez ◽

Manuel A. Patarroyo ◽

Claudia M. Parra-Giraldo

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Membership ◽

Protein Mass ◽

Molecular Tests ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Clade 1

Candida albicans is commensal in human microbiota and is known to be the commonest opportunistic pathogen, having variable clinical outcomes that can lead to up to 60% mortality. Such wide clinical behaviour can be attributed to its phenotypical plasticity and high genetic diversity. This study characterised 10 Colombian clinical isolates which had already been identified as C. albicans by molecular tests; however, previous bioinformatics analysis of protein mass spectra and phenotypical characteristics has shown that this group of isolates has atypical behaviour, sharing characteristics of both C. africana and C. albicans. This study was aimed at evaluating atypical isolates’ pathogenic capability in the Galleria mellonella model; susceptibility profiles were determined and MLST was used for molecular characterisation. Cluster analysis, enabling unbiased bootstrap to classify the isolates and establish their cluster membership and e-BURST, was used for establishing clonal complexes (CC). Both approaches involved using representative MLST data from the 18 traditional C. albicans clades, as well as C. albicans-associated and minor species. Ten atypical isolates were distributed as follows: 6/10 (B71, B41, B60, R6, R41, and R282) were grouped into a statistically well-supported atypical cluster (AC) and constituted a differentiated CC 6; 2/10 of the isolates were clearly grouped in clade 1 and were concurrent in CC 4 (B80, B44). Another 2/10 atypical isolates were grouped in clade 10 and concurred in CC 7 (R425, R111); most atypical isolates were related to geographically distant isolates and some represented new ST. Isolates B41 and R41 in the AC had greater virulence. Isolate B44 was fluconazole-resistant and was grouped in clade 1. The atypical nature of the isolates studied here was demonstrated by the contrast between phenotypical traits (C. africana-like), molecular markers (C. albicans-like), virulence, and antifungal resistance, highlighting the widely described genetic plasticity for this genus. Our results showed that the atypical isolates forming well-differentiated groups belonged to C. albicans. Our findings could contribute towards developing molecular epidemiology approaches for managing hospital-acquired infection.

Download Full-text

Detection of ERG11 Overexpression in Candida albicans isolates from environmental sources and clinical isolates treated with inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of fluconazole

Mycoses ◽

10.1111/myc.13208 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Josimary Morais Vasconcelos Oliveira ◽

Josidel Conceição Oliver ◽

Amanda Latércia Tranches Dias ◽

Ana Carolina Barbosa Padovan ◽

Ester Siqueira Caixeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Subinhibitory Concentrations

Download Full-text

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil and its anti-candidal activities against clinical isolates of Candida albicans isolated from women with candidiasis

Infectio ◽

10.22354/in.v23i1.750 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽

Bahareh Attaran

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Analgesic Agent ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Component ◽

Cytoplasmic Structures

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is known as antiseptic and analgesic agent in folk medicine. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of S. khuzistanica aerial parts essential oil against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which were isolated from women with chronic recurrent candidiasis. For this purpose, the chemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil was determined by GC and GC-MS analysis. Then, the anti-candidal activity of essential oil and its main component (carvacrol) were determined. Carvacrol (94.1%) was the main component of essential oil, followed by β-bisabolene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. S. khuzistanica essential oil had strong anti-candidal activity against clinical isolates of C. albicans via inhibition of germ tube formation and induction the huge punctures in the cytoplasmic structures. The cell membranes were intact in presence of essential oil or carvacrol. S. khuzistanica essential oil as the main source of carvacrol can be used for treatment of C. albicans related infections.

Download Full-text

Antifungal activity of thymol against clinical isolates of fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida albicans

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.008052-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1074-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Na Guo ◽

Jingbo Liu ◽

Xiuping Wu ◽

Xingming Bi ◽

Rizeng Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Concentration Index ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Standard Strain ◽

Antagonistic Action ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Interaction Intensity

Thymol (THY) was found to have in vitro antifungal activity against 24 fluconazole (FLC)-resistant and 12 FLC-susceptible clinical isolates of Candida albicans, standard strain ATCC 10231 and one experimentally induced FLC-resistant C. albicans S-1. In addition, synergism was observed for clinical isolates of C. albicans with combinations of THY–FLC and THY–amphotericin B (AMB) evaluated by the chequerboard microdilution method. The interaction intensity was determined by spectrophotometry for the chequerboard assay, and the nature of the interactions was assessed using two non-parametric approaches [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and ΔE models]. The interaction between THY–FLC or THY–AMB in FLC-resistant and -susceptible strains of C. albicans showed a high percentage of synergism by the FICI method and the ΔE method. The ΔE model gave results consistent with FICI, and no antagonistic action was observed in the strains tested.

Download Full-text

A rapid technique for the isolation of DNA from clinical isolates of Candida albicans

Journal of Microbiological Methods ◽

10.1016/0167-7012(93)90075-s ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leslie T. Mathaba ◽

Kathleen M. Franklyn ◽

John R. Warmington

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Rapid Technique

Download Full-text

Pyrosequencing To Detect Mutations in FKS1 That Confer Reduced Echinocandin Susceptibility in Candida albicans

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00959-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 4145-4148 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽

Jodi L. Grabinski ◽

Guillermo Garcia-Effron ◽

David S. Perlin ◽

Samuel A. Lee

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Complete Agreement ◽

Dideoxy Sequencing

ABSTRACT Pyrosequencing was compared to Sanger dideoxy sequencing to detect mutations in FKS1 responsible for reduced echinocandin susceptibility in Candida albicans. These methods were in complete agreement for 10 of 12 clinical isolates with elevated echinocandin MICs, supporting the potential feasibility of pyrosequencing to detect mutations within diploid fungi.

Download Full-text