The trapezius muscle uniquely lacks adaptive process in response to a repeated moderate cognitive stressor

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Willmann ◽  
Benoît Bolmont
Keyword(s):  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Cognitive Stressor

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Autophagy and Their Impact on Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Krylatov ◽  
Leonid Maslov ◽  
Sergey Y. Tsibulnikov ◽  
Nikita Voronkov ◽  
Alla Boshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Adaptive Process

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

Lumiflavin Enhances the Effects of Ionising Radiation on Ovarian Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyuan Wu ◽  
Yangsheng Huang ◽  
Zhaoxia Song ◽  
Ruhui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Cell Vitality ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Proliferation Ability

Background: The development of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is one of the main causes of ovarian cancer tolerance to radiotherapy. Autophagy is an adaptive process by which cells repair damage due to radiation. As a metabolite of riboflavin, lumiflavin can enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of cisplatin on ovarian cancer CSCs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs and explore the association of this metabolite with autophagy. Methods: CSCs of human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910 were treated with lumiflavin and rapamycin and then subjected to irradiation at a cumulative dose of 8 Gy. Cell proliferation ability, clonal formation ability, apoptosis rate, autophagy changes and autophagy-related protein changes were detected. Results: Lumiflavin and ionising radiation synergistically reduced cell vitality and clone formation and increased the apoptosis of CSCs compared with irradiation alone. In addition, ionising radiation increased autophagy and the expression of associated proteins, whereas lumiflavin reduced those changes in autophagy progression. Moreover, rapamycin, an autophagy inhibitor, was observed to block the synergistic effects of lumiflavin and ionising radiation on CSC apoptosis. Conclusion: Lumiflavin can enhance the effects of ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs. The mechanism by which these effects are exerted is related to blocking the autophagy pathway.

Selective recruitment of the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Arlotta ◽  
Gina LoVasco ◽  
Linda McLean
Keyword(s):  
Trapezius Muscle

scholarly journals Axon typing of rat muscle nerves using a double staining procedure for cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Szabolcs ◽  
A Windisch ◽  
R Koller ◽  
M Pensch
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Muscle Nerve

We developed a method for detecting activity of axonal cholinesterase (CE) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)--markers for motor and sensory nerve fibers (NFs)--in the same histological section. To reach this goal, cross-sections of muscle nerves were sequentially incubated with the standard protocols for CE and CA histochemistry. A modified incubation medium was used for CA in which Co++ is replaced by Ni++. This avoids interference of the two histochemical reactions because Co++ binds unspecifically to the brown copper-ferroferricyanide complex representing CE activity, whereas Ni++ does not. Cross-sections of the trapezius muscle nerve containing efferent and afferent NFs in segregated fascicles showed that CE activity was confined to motor NFs. Axonal CA was detected solely in sensory NFs. The number of labeled motor and sensory NFs determined in serial cross-sections stained with either the new or the conventional technique was not significantly different. Morphometric analysis revealed that small unreactive NFs (diameter less than 5 microns) are afferent, medium-sized ones (5 microns less than d less than 7 microns) are unclassifiable, and large ones (d greater than 7 microns) are efferent. The heterogenous CE activity of thick (alpha) motor NFs is linked to the type of their motor units. "Fast" motor units contain CE reactive NFs; "slow" ones have CE negative neurites.

Heuristic mining: Adaptive process simplification in education

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutchar Senewong Na Ayutaya ◽  
Prajin Palungsuntikul ◽  
Wichian Premchaiswadi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Process

scholarly journals Electronic Devices for Stress Detection in Academic Contexts during Confinement Because of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Cristhian Manuel Durán-Acevedo ◽  
Jeniffer Katerine Carrillo-Gómez ◽  
Camilo Andrés Albarracín-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Engineering Department

This article studies the development and implementation of different electronic devices for measuring signals during stress situations, specifically in academic contexts in a student group of the Engineering Department at the University of Pamplona (Colombia). For the research’s development, devices for measuring physiological signals were used through a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), the electrical response of the heart by using an electrocardiogram (ECG), the electrical activity produced by the upper trapezius muscle (EMG), and the development of an electronic nose system (E-nose) as a pilot study for the detection and identification of the Volatile Organic Compounds profiles emitted by the skin. The data gathering was taken during an online test (during the COVID-19 Pandemic), in which the aim was to measure the student’s stress state and then during the relaxation state after the exam period. Two algorithms were used for the data process, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine through the Python software for the classification and differentiation of the assessment, achieving 100% of classification through GSR, 90% with the E-nose system proposed, 90% with the EMG system, and 88% success by using ECG, respectively.

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