Neural correlates of causality judgment in physical and social context—The reversed effects of space and time

Giving is often characterized by the conflicting decision to give up something of value to benefit others. Recent evidence indicated that giving is highly context-dependent. To unravel the neural correlates of social context, in this study, young adults ( n = 32) performed a novel giving fMRI paradigm, in which they divided coins between self and known (friends) or unknown (unfamiliar) others. A second manipulation included presence of others; giving decisions were made with an audience or anonymously. Results showed that participants gave more coins to a friend than to an unfamiliar other and generally gave more in the presence of an audience. On a neural level, medial prefrontal cortex and the right insula were most active for relatively generous decisions. These findings possibly reflect that aversion of norm deviation or fairness concerns drive differences in the frequency of giving. Next, activation in separate subregions of the TPJ-IPL (i.e., a region that comprises the TPJ and inferior parietal lobule) was found for target and audience contexts. Overall, our findings suggest that donation size and social contextual information are processed in separable brain regions and that TPJ-IPL plays an important role in balancing self- and other-oriented motives related to the social context.

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From Sensation to Perception: Using Multivariate Classification of Visual Illusions to Identify Neural Correlates of Conscious Awareness in Space and Time

Perception ◽

10.1068/p7832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hinze Hogendoorn

Keyword(s):

Neural Correlates ◽

Visual Illusions ◽

Conscious Awareness ◽

Multivariate Classification ◽

Space And Time

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The Geosemiotics of Tahrir Square: A study of the relationship between discourse and space

Journal of Language and Politics ◽

10.1075/jlp.13.4.02abo ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 599-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Urban Space ◽

Production Of Space ◽

Egyptian Revolution ◽

Media Reporting ◽

Space And Time ◽

The World ◽

Tahrir Square ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Revolution

The year 2011 saw unprecedented waves of people occupying key locations around the world in a statement of public discontent. In Egypt, the protests which took place between 25 January and 11 February 2011 culminating in the ouster of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak have now come to be known as the Egyptian Revolution. Media reporting of the revolution often portrayed it as a ‘spectacle’ playing out on the stage of Tahrir Square which was dubbed ‘the symbolic heart of the Egyptian revolution’. Tahrir Square quickly became a space serving various functions and layered with an array of meanings. This paper explores the relationship between the discourse of protest messages and the space of Tahrir Square during the January 25 revolution, demonstrating how the two were mutually reinforcing. The messages are drawn from a corpus of approximately 2000 protest messages captured in Tahrir Square between 25 January and 11 February 2011. The analysis is presented in the form of six conceptualising frames for the space of Tahrir Square which take into account both its geographical and social context. The conceptualisation draws from the field of geosemiotics, which posits that all discourses are ‘situated’ both in space and time (Scollon & Scollon 2003), and on the Lefebvrian principles of the production of space which provide a useful framework for interpreting urban space (Lefebvre 1991). Keywords: Linguistic landscapes; geosemiotics; discourse and space; Tahrir Square; January 25 revolution

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The geosemiotics of tahrir square

Journal of Language and Politics ◽

10.1075/jlp.13.1.02abo ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 599-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariam Aboelezz

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Urban Space ◽

Production Of Space ◽

Egyptian Revolution ◽

Media Reporting ◽

Content Type ◽

Space And Time ◽

The World ◽

Tahrir Square ◽

The Relationship

The year 2011 saw unprecedented waves of people occupying key locations around the world in a statement of public discontent. In Egypt, the protests which took place between 25 January and 11 February 2011 culminating in the ouster of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak have now come to be known as the Egyptian Revolution. Media reporting of the revolution often portrayed it as a ‘spectacle’ playing out on the stage of Tahrir Square which was dubbed ‘the symbolic heart of the Egyptian revolution’. Tahrir Square quickly became a space serving various functions and layered with an array of meanings. This paper explores the relationship between the discourse of protest messages and the space of Tahrir Square during the January 25 revolution, demonstrating how the two were mutually reinforcing. The messages are drawn from a corpus of approximately 2000 protest messages captured in Tahrir Square between 25 January and 11 February 2011. The analysis is presented in the form of six conceptualising frames for the space of Tahrir Square which take into account both its geographical and social context. The conceptualisation draws from the field of geosemiotics, which posits that all discourses are ‘situated’ both in space and time (Scollon & Scollon 2003), and on the Lefebvrian principles of the production of space which provide a useful framework for interpreting urban space (Lefebvre 1991).

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Selection on Mate Choice and Mating Preferences

Mate Choice ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691150673.003.0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gil G. Rosenthal

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Mate Choice ◽

Reaction Norms ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ecological Constraints ◽

Mate Searching ◽

Mating Preferences ◽

Space And Time ◽

Social Reaction ◽

Preference Evolution

This chapter focuses on the proximate sources of selection on chooser preferences and mate-choice algorithms. It surveys the sources of selection on the outcome of choice, and then turns to the evolution of mate-searching strategies and choosiness. Next, it examines at what point in the process choosers make choices. Should choosers reject matings from all but the most attractive courters, or should they mate promiscuously and make decisions during or after mating? The rest of the chapter focuses on the evolution of environmental and social reaction norms in mate choice, before considering the structural and ecological constraints on preference evolution. Mate choice can have positive or negative effects on choosers, and the magnitude and sign of these effects can vary dramatically as a function of ecological and social context over space and time.

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THE SACRED MOUNTAIN IN SOCIAL CONTEXT. SYMBOLISM AND HISTORY IN MAYA ARCHITECTURE: TEMPLE 22 AT COPAN, HONDURAS

Ancient Mesoamerica ◽

10.1017/s0956536111000319 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 271-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jennifer von Schwerin

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Historical Context ◽

Ancient Maya ◽

Space And Time ◽

Leading Role ◽

Historical Factors ◽

The Social ◽

Maya Architecture ◽

Sacred Mountain

AbstractDid Mesoamerican temples really symbolize sacred mountains? If so, what accounts for their varying forms across space and time? Through a socio-historical and iconographic approach, it is now becoming possible to explain the social and historical factors for why design in ancient Maya temples varied. Using these methods, this paper reconstructs and reinterprets one famous “sacred mountain” in the Maya region: Temple 22, at Copan, Honduras, dedicated by king Waxaklajuun Ub'aah K'awiil ina.d.715. Since 1998, the author has led a project to conserve, document, analyze, and hypothetically reconstruct thousands of sculptures from the building's collapsed façades. In design and symbolism, the building probably represented not just a mountain, but the Maya universe. In its more specific historical context, Temple 22 was designed as royal rhetoric to affirm order at a disorderly moment, and used both traditional and innovative forms to assert Copan's leading role on the boundary of the Maya world.

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