Comparing the sensitivity of face matching assessments to detect face perception impairments

2021 ◽  
pp. 108067
Author(s):  
Maruti V. Mishra ◽  
Regan M. Fry ◽  
Elyana Saad ◽  
Joseph M. Arizpe ◽  
Yuri-Grace B. Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Matching

scholarly journals Making a Spectacle of Yourself: The Effect of Glasses and Sunglasses on Face Perception

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy L. Graham ◽  
Kay L. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Match Trial ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Trial Performance

We investigated the effect of wearing glasses and sunglasses on the perception of social traits from faces and on face matching. Participants rated images of people wearing no glasses, glasses and sunglasses on three social traits (trustworthiness, competence and attractiveness). Wearing sunglasses reduced ratings of trustworthiness. Participants also performed a matching task (telling whether two images show the same person or not) with pairs of images both wearing no glasses, glasses or sunglasses, and all combinations of eyewear. Incongruent eyewear conditions (e.g., one image wearing glasses and the other wearing sunglasses, etc.) reduced performance. Further analysis comparing performance on congruent and incongruent eyewear trials showed that our effects were driven by match trial performance, where differences in eyewear decreased accuracy. For same-eyewear-condition pairs, performance was poorer for pairs of images both wearing sunglasses than no glasses. Our results extend and update previous research on the effect of eyewear on face perception.

scholarly journals Use of the Oxford Face Matching Test Reveals an Effect of Ageing On Face Perception But Not Face Memory

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirta Stantić ◽  
Bethan Hearne ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Geoffrey Bird
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test

scholarly journals Faces and words are both associated and dissociated: Evidence from visual problems in dyslexia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heida Maria Sigurdardottir ◽  
Alexandra Arnardottir ◽  
Eydis Thuridur Halldorsdottir ◽  
Hilma Ros Omarsdottir ◽  
Anna Sigridur Valgeirsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Conjunction Search ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Reading Deficits ◽  
Form Processing ◽  
Global Form ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Feature Based

Faces and words are traditionally assumed to be independently processed. Dyslexia is also traditionally thought to be a non-visual deficit. Counter to both ideas, face perception deficits in dyslexia have been reported. Others report no such deficits. We sought to resolve this discrepancy.60 adults participated in the study (24 dyslexic and 36 typical readers). Feature-based processing and configural or global form processing of faces was measured with a face matching task. Participants additionally performed visual conjunction search, thought to be attentionally demanding, and visual feature search. Dyslexic readers tended to be poorer than typical readers at feature-based face matching while no differences were found for global form face matching. Opposite laterality effects in these tasks, dependent on left-right orientation of faces, further supported that they tapped into different mechanisms. Reading problems were also associated with slower search, especially conjunction search, but search difficulties could not account for face matching problems.We conclude that word and face perception are associated when the latter requires the processing of visual features of a face, while processing the global form of faces apparently shares minimal – if any – resources with visual word processing. The current results indicate that visual word and face processing are both associated and dissociated – but this depends on what visual mechanisms are task-relevant. We suggest that reading deficits could stem from multiple factors, and that one such factor is a specific problem with feature-based processing of visual objects.

scholarly journals The Oxford Face Matching Test: A Non-Biased Test of The Full Range of Individual Differences in Face Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirta Stantic ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Brad Duchaine ◽  
Michael J. Banissy ◽  
Sarah Bate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Processing Abilities

Tests of face processing are typically designed to identify individuals performing outside of the typical range; either prosopagnosic individuals who exhibit poor face processing ability, or super recognisers, who have superior face processing abilities. Here we describe the development of the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT), designed to identify individual differences in face processing across the full range of performance, from prosopagnosia, through the range of typical performance, to super recognisers. Such a test requires items of varying difficulty, but establishing difficulty is problematic when particular populations (e.g. prosopagnosics, individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder) may use atypical strategies to process faces. If item difficulty is calibrated on neurotypical individuals, then the test may be poorly calibrated for atypical groups, and vice versa. To obtain items of varying difficulty we used facial recognition algorithms to obtain face pair similarity ratings that are not biased towards specific populations. These face pairs were used as stimuli in the OFMT, and participants required to judge if the face images depicted the same individual or different individuals. Across five studies the OFMT was shown to be sensitive to individual differences in the typical population, and in groups of both prosopagnosic individuals and super recognisers. The test-retest reliability of the task was at least equivalent to the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Glasgow Face Matching Test. Furthermore, results reveal, at least at the group level, that both face perception and face memory are poor in those with prosopagnosia, and good in super recognisers.

scholarly journals Individual differences in face perception: Development and validation of the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2664
Author(s):  
Mirta Stantic ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Bradley Duchaine ◽  
Michael Banissy ◽  
Sarah Bate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Perception Development

scholarly journals Faces and words are both associated and dissociated as evidenced by visual problems in dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heida Maria Sigurdardottir ◽  
Alexandra Arnardottir ◽  
Eydis Thuridur Halldorsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Reading Deficits ◽  
Form Processing ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Global Form ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Feature Based

AbstractFaces and words are traditionally assumed to be independently processed. Dyslexia is also traditionally thought to be a non-visual deficit. Counter to both ideas, face perception deficits in dyslexia have been reported. Others report no such deficits. We sought to resolve this discrepancy. 60 adults participated in the study (24 dyslexic, 36 typical readers). Feature-based processing and configural or global form processing of faces was measured with a face matching task. Opposite laterality effects in these tasks, dependent on left–right orientation of faces, supported that they tapped into separable visual mechanisms. Dyslexic readers tended to be poorer than typical readers at feature-based face matching while no differences were found for global form face matching. We conclude that word and face perception are associated when the latter requires the processing of visual features of a face, while processing the global form of faces apparently shares minimal—if any—resources with visual word processing. The current results indicate that visual word and face processing are both associated and dissociated—but this depends on what visual mechanisms are task-relevant. We suggest that reading deficits could stem from multiple factors, and that one such factor is a problem with feature-based processing of visual objects.

scholarly journals Decline in Emotional Face Recognition Among Elderly People May Reflect Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuta Ochi ◽  
Akira Midorikawa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection Tasks

BackgroundAs with cognitive function, the ability to recognize emotions changes with age. In the literature regarding the relationship between recognition of emotion and cognitive function during aging, the effects of predictors such as aging, emotional state, and cognitive domains on emotion recognition are unclear. This study was performed to clarify the cognitive functions underlying recognition of emotional facial expressions, and to evaluate the effects of depressive mood on recognition of emotion in elderly subjects, as well as to reproduce the effects of aging on the recognition of emotional facial expressions.Materials and MethodsA total of 26 young (mean age = 20.9 years) and 30 elderly subjects (71.6 years) participated in the study. All subjects participated in face perception, face matching, emotion matching, and emotion selection tasks. In addition, elderly subjects were administered a multicomponent cognitive test: the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version. We analyzed these factors using multiple linear regression.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in the face perception task, but in the face matching, emotion matching, and emotion selection tasks, elderly subjects showed significantly poorer performance. Among elderly subjects, multiple regression analyses showed that performance on the emotion matching task was predicted by age, emotional status, and cognitive function, but paradoxical relationships were observed between recognition of emotional faces and some verbal functions. In addition, 47% of elderly participants showed cognitive decline in one or more domains, although all of them had total Cognistat scores above the cutoff.ConclusionIt might be crucial to consider preclinical pathological changes such as mild cognitive impairment when testing for age effects in elderly populations.

scholarly journals Use of the Oxford Face Matching Test Reveals an Effect of Ageing on Face Perception but Not Face Memory.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirta Stantic ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Bethan Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age

Effects of ageing on both face perception and face memory have previously been reported. Previous studies, however, have not controlled for the effects of face perception when assessing face memory, meaning that apparent effects of ageing on face memory may actually be due to effects of ageing on face perception. Here, both face perception and face memory were assessed in a sample of adults ranging in age from 18 to 93, and the effect of age on face memory was assessed after controlling for face perception. Face perception was assessed using both a standard test and the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT), deliberately designed to avoid the bias towards younger, neurotypical samples that may be present in other tests. An effect of ageing on face perception was found using both tests, with the unbiased OFMT being more sensitive to the effect of age. Importantly, when controlling for face perception using the OFMT, no effect of age on face memory was found. Indicative scores on the OFMT from a sample of 989 participants are provided, broken down by age and gender.

scholarly journals The Oxford Face Matching Test: A non-biased test of the full range of individual differences in face perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirta Stantic ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Bradley Duchaine ◽  
Michael J. Banissy ◽  
Sarah Bate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Processing Abilities

AbstractTests of face processing are typically designed to identify individuals performing outside of the typical range; either prosopagnosic individuals who exhibit poor face processing ability, or super recognisers, who have superior face processing abilities. Here we describe the development of the Oxford Face Matching Test (OFMT), designed to identify individual differences in face processing across the full range of performance, from prosopagnosia, through the range of typical performance, to super recognisers. Such a test requires items of varying difficulty, but establishing difficulty is problematic when particular populations (e.g., prosopagnosics, individuals with autism spectrum disorder) may use atypical strategies to process faces. If item difficulty is calibrated on neurotypical individuals, then the test may be poorly calibrated for atypical groups, and vice versa. To obtain items of varying difficulty, we used facial recognition algorithms to obtain face pair similarity ratings that are not biased towards specific populations. These face pairs were used as stimuli in the OFMT, and participants were required to judge whether the face images depicted the same individual or different individuals. Across five studies the OFMT was shown to be sensitive to individual differences in the typical population, and in groups of both prosopagnosic individuals and super recognisers. The test-retest reliability of the task was at least equivalent to the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Glasgow Face Matching Test. Furthermore, results reveal, at least at the group level, that both face perception and face memory are poor in those with prosopagnosia, and are good in super recognisers.

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