Faces and words are both associated and dissociated as evidenced by visual problems in dyslexia

Faces and words are traditionally assumed to be independently processed. Dyslexia is also traditionally thought to be a non-visual deficit. Counter to both ideas, face perception deficits in dyslexia have been reported. Others report no such deficits. We sought to resolve this discrepancy. 60 adults participated in the study (24 dyslexic, 36 typical readers). Feature-based processing and configural or global form processing of faces was measured with a face matching task. Opposite laterality effects in these tasks, dependent on left–right orientation of faces, supported that they tapped into separable visual mechanisms. Dyslexic readers tended to be poorer than typical readers at feature-based face matching while no differences were found for global form face matching. We conclude that word and face perception are associated when the latter requires the processing of visual features of a face, while processing the global form of faces apparently shares minimal—if any—resources with visual word processing. The current results indicate that visual word and face processing are both associated and dissociated—but this depends on what visual mechanisms are task-relevant. We suggest that reading deficits could stem from multiple factors, and that one such factor is a problem with feature-based processing of visual objects.

Dorsal and Ventral Stream Function in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Dorsal stream cortical networks underpin a cluster of visuomotor, visuospatial, and visual attention functions. Sensitivity to global coherence of motion and static form is considered a signature of visual cortical processing in the dorsal stream (motion) relative to the ventral stream (form). Poorer sensitivity to global motion compared to global static form has been found across a diverse range of neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a “dorsal stream vulnerability.” However, previous studies of global coherence sensitivity in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have shown conflicting findings. We examined two groups totalling 102 children with DCD (age 5–12 years), using the “Ball in the Grass” psychophysical test to compare sensitivity to global motion and global static form. Motor impairment was measured using the Movement-ABC (M-ABC). Global coherence sensitivity was compared with a typically developing control group (N = 69) in the same age range. Children with DCD showed impaired sensitivity to global motion (p = 0.002), but not global form (p = 0.695), compared to controls. Within the DCD group, motor impairment showed a significant linear relationship with global form sensitivity (p < 0.001). There was also a significant quadratic relationship between motor impairment and global motion sensitivity (p = 0.046), where poorer global motion sensitivity was only apparent with greater motor impairment. We suggest that two distinct visually related components, associated with global form and global motion sensitivity, contribute to DCD differentially over the range of severity of the disorder. Possible neural circuitry underlying these relationships is discussed.

Active Contemporary Citizenship as a Research Mode

Active citizenship is a form of civil participation in which direct involvement is emphasized over distanced reflection. As such it seems to be in juxtaposition to the role of the researcher who is typically an external spectator and observes, documents, and analyzes phenomena from outside. This quality of remaining in a state of professional distance and scholarly reflection can pose a dilemma when the multitude of problems in the world is obvious and the need for direct intervention becomes undeniable. Are active citizenship and scientific enquiry opposing modes of participation or can they be complementary? For the duration of 11 months, we pursued a first-person study, seeking to deepen a sense of engagement with the challenges of the time while simultaneously maintaining our role as researchers. We aggregate our findings into four categories—“feelings,” “insights,” “changes in perspective” and the “wrestling to find a balance between inertia and conscience.” The results are contextualized within the broader literature of the self, pointing to facets of identity that encompass both a local and a global form of “active” or “contemporary” citizenship.

Appending Global to Local features for Skin Lesion Classification on Dermoscpic Images

Skin cancer is the deadliest diseases compared with all other kinds of cancer. In this paper various pre- and post-treatments are proposed for improving automated melanoma diagnosis of dermoscopy images. At first pre-processing have done to exclude unwanted parts, a new triple-A segmentation proposes to extract lesion according to their histogram patterns. Lastly, suggest appending process with testing many factors for superior detection decision. This paper offers a novel approach with testing different detection rules: first system used fuzzy rules based on a different features, a second test has been done by modeled local colours with bag-of-features classifier. Then proposed adding lesion shape on two previous systems as their global form in the first one, while distributing it and appending with local colour patches in the second system. For each case, different features; various colour models, and many other parameters are examined to decide which settings are more discriminating. Evaluates performance of each method has carried out on (ISIC2019 Challenge) dermoscopic database. The novel processes with their a specific parameters are rising the classification accuracy to 98.26%.

Cells and building structures. Part II. The loadbearing units in cells of the building – The cells in the loadbearing elements of the building

In this study, the relationship between the structure of the supporting frame and cells is addressed. The possible arrangements of the four primary structural elements – foundation, walls and pillars, slabs, roof – in global form as well as in a single cell are looked at. The types of connections of each support member to the support elements below are examined. In line with this, the layout and possible structure of the foundation, and the possible layout of walls and pillars as well as slab is reviewed. The main possibilities for structural design of the roof structure are outlined. Using the concepts of cells, and arrangement and division of cells there is given some applications. The different building types that can be interpreted using arrangement of cells as well as some applications are shown.

Matching higher symmetries across Intriligator-Seiberg duality

We study higher symmetries and anomalies of 4d $$ \mathfrak{so} $$ so (2nc) gauge theory with 2nf flavors. We find that they depend on the parity of nc and nf, the global form of the gauge group, and the discrete theta angle. The contribution from the fermions plays a central role in our analysis. Furthermore, our conclusion applies to $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supersymmetric cases as well, and we see that higher symmetries and anomalies match across the Intriligator-Seiberg duality between $$ \mathfrak{so} $$ so (2nc) ↔$$ \mathfrak{so} $$ so (2nf − 2nc + 4).

Bicycle highways as a ‘liquid’ policy concept

The development and popularity of thee-bike are enabling an unexpected transport revolution, namely a substantivemodal shift in regional commuting from car and transit to cycling. To achievethis, however, requires a major effort in constructing a high-quality andspacious cycling infrastructure connecting (sub)urban residential sites tonodes of work and study. In The Netherlands, such investments have resulted inthe construction and planning of many new ‘fast’ cycleways, currently amountingto a list of 250 initiatives. Based on ??25 interviews with planners, engineersand lobbyists, this paper traces the development of the fast-cyclepath conceptin The Netherlands the perspectives of ‘articulation’ and ‘liquidity’. We findthat fast-cycleroutes emerge as whole, coherent entities through six separatevocabularies, namely of demonstration, quality framing, policy order andcontract, planning diplomacy, financial wizardry and design negotiation. Eachvocabulary gives rise to a ‘global form’ fuelling the ‘currency’ andperformativity of the fast-cycleroute concept. Different contexts also induceconsiderable differentiation, raising the question how far the concept may bestretched.