Performance of a concurrent cognitive task modifies pre- and post-perturbation-evoked cortical activity

Neuroscience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mochizuki ◽  
Shaun G. Boe ◽  
Amanda Marlin ◽  
William E. McIlroy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cortical Activity

Obstacle avoidance movement-related motor cortical activity with cognitive task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Matsuura ◽  
Natsumi Sai ◽  
Ayaka Yamaoka ◽  
Tetsuya Karita ◽  
Futoshi Mori
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Motor Cortical

scholarly journals The EEG Activity during Binocular Depth Perception of 2D Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsel Fazlyyyakhmatov ◽  
Nataly Zwezdochkina ◽  
Vladimir Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
False Image ◽  
Random Dot Stereogram ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Band Activity

The central brain functions underlying a stereoscopic vision were a subject of numerous studies investigating the cortical activity during binocular perception of depth. However, the stereo vision is less explored as a function promoting the cognitive processes of the brain. In this work, we investigated a cortical activity during the cognitive task consisting of binocular viewing of a false image which is observed when the eyes are refocused out of the random-dot stereogram plane (3D phenomenon). The power of cortical activity before and after the onset of the false image perception was assessed using the scull EEG recording. We found that during stereo perception of the false image the power of alpha-band activity decreased in the left parietal area and bilaterally in frontal areas of the cortex, while activity in beta-1, beta-2, and delta frequency bands remained to be unchanged. We assume that this suppression of alpha rhythm is presumably associated with increased attention necessary for refocusing the eyes at the plane of the false image.

scholarly journals Parasympathetic arousal-related cortical activity is associated with attention during cognitive task performance

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 116469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita D. Barber ◽  
Majnu John ◽  
Pamela DeRosse ◽  
Michael L. Birnbaum ◽  
Todd Lencz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

scholarly journals Does rTMS Alter Neurocognitive Functioning in Patients with Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia? An fNIRS-Based Investigation of Prefrontal Activation during a Cognitive Task and Its Modulation via Sham-Controlled rTMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Deppermann ◽  
Nadja Vennewald ◽  
Julia Diemer ◽  
Stephanie Sickinger ◽  
Florian B. Haeussinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Psychophysiological Arousal

Objectives. Neurobiologically, panic disorder (PD) is supposed to be characterised by cerebral hypofrontality. Via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated whether prefrontal hypoactivity during cognitive tasks in PD-patients compared to healthy controls (HC) could be replicated. As intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) modulates cortical activity, we furthermore investigated its ability to normalise prefrontal activation.Methods. Forty-four PD-patients, randomised to sham or verum group, received 15 iTBS-sessions above the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in addition to psychoeducation. Before first and after last iTBS-treatment, cortical activity during a verbal fluency task was assessed via fNIRS and compared to the results of 23 HC.Results. At baseline, PD-patients showed hypofrontality including the DLPFC, which differed significantly from activation patterns of HC. However, verum iTBS did not augment prefrontal fNIRS activation. Solely after sham iTBS, a significant increase of measured fNIRS activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the phonological task was found.Conclusion. Our results support findings that PD is characterised by prefrontal hypoactivation during cognitive performance. However, verum iTBS as an “add-on” to psychoeducation did not augment prefrontal activity. Instead we only found increased fNIRS activation in the left IFG after sham iTBS application. Possible reasons including task-related psychophysiological arousal are discussed.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Cortical Activity of Children and Adults during Cognitive Task Completion

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6021
Author(s):  
Marina V. Khramova ◽  
Alexander K. Kuc ◽  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Nikita S. Frolov ◽  
Vadim V. Grubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Complex Cognitive Task ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Fact Retrieval

In this paper, we used an EEG system to monitor and analyze the cortical activity of children and adults at a sensor level during cognitive tasks in the form of a Schulte table. This complex cognitive task simultaneously involves several cognitive processes and systems: visual search, working memory, and mental arithmetic. We revealed that adults found numbers on average two times faster than children in the beginning. However, this difference diminished at the end of table completion to 1.8 times. In children, the EEG analysis revealed high parietal alpha-band power at the end of the task. This indicates the shift from procedural strategy to less demanding fact-retrieval. In adults, the frontal beta-band power increased at the end of the task. It reflects enhanced reliance on the top–down mechanisms, cognitive control, or attentional modulation rather than a change in arithmetic strategy. Finally, the alpha-band power of adults exceeded one of the children in the left hemisphere, providing potential evidence for the fact-retrieval strategy. Since the completion of the Schulte table involves a whole set of elementary cognitive functions, the obtained results were essential for developing passive brain–computer interfaces for monitoring and adjusting a human state in the process of learning and solving cognitive tasks of various types.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Psychometric Properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering Scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marcusson-Clavertz ◽  
Oscar N. E. Kjell
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Variables

Abstract. Thinking about task-unrelated matters (mind wandering) is related to cognition and well-being. However, the relations between mind wandering and other psychological variables may depend on whether the former commence spontaneously or deliberately. The current two studies investigated the psychometric properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering Scales (SDMWS; Carriere, Seli, & Smilek, 2013 ). Study 1 evaluated the stability of the scales over 2 weeks ( N = 284 at Time 1), whereas Study 2 ( N = 323) evaluated their relations to Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, Openness, Social desirability, and experience-sampling reports of intentional and unintentional mind wandering during an online cognitive task. The results indicated that the SDMWS were better fitted with a two-factor than a one-factor solution, although the fit was improved with the exclusion of one item. The scales exhibited strong measurement invariance across gender and time, and moderately high test-retest reliability. Spontaneous mind wandering predicted Generalized anxiety disorder and experience-sampling reports of unintentional mind wandering, whereas Deliberate mind wandering predicted Openness and experience-sampling reports of intentional mind wandering. Furthermore, Spontaneous mind wandering showed a negative association with social desirability of weak-to-medium strength. In sum, the scales generally showed favorable psychometric properties.

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