Prenatal cocaine exposure, gender, and adolescent stress response: A prospective longitudinal study

Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked to neurocognitive and developmental outcomes throughout childhood. The cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine is also markedly increased in pregnancy, but it is unknown whether this toxicity affects anthropometric growth and the development of cardiometabolic disease risk factors in the offspring across the lifespan. During the early 1990s, the Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study enrolled a cohort of 476 African American children (253 cocaine-exposed, 223 non-cocaine-exposed) and their biological mothers at delivery in a prospective, longitudinal study. The MPCS has collected 12 prior waves of multidomain data on over 400 infants and their mothers/alternate caregivers through mid-adolescence and is now embarking on an additional wave of data collection at ages 18-19 years. We describe here the analytical methods for examining the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure, anthropometric growth, and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in late adolescence in this minority, urban cohort. Findings from this investigation should inform both the fields of substance use and cardiovascular research about subsequent risks of cocaine ingestion during pregnancy in offspring.

Download Full-text

A longitudinal study of prenatal cocaine exposure: 6-month outcome

Infant Behavior and Development ◽

10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90378-1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 324

Author(s):

Marylou Behnke ◽

Fonda Davis Eyler ◽

Michael Conlon ◽

Nanci Stewart Woods ◽

Kathleen Wobie

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine

Download Full-text

Prenatal cocaine exposure: An examination of childhood externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at age 7 years

Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale ◽

10.1017/s1121189x00002001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Veronica H. Accornero ◽

James C. Anthony ◽

Connie E. Morrow ◽

Lihua Xue ◽

Emmalee S. Bandstra

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Child Behavior ◽

In Utero ◽

Primary Caregiver ◽

Internalizing Behavior ◽

Self Report ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine

SUMMARYAim – This study examines the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure and parent-reported child behavior problems at age 7 years. Methods – Data are from 407 African-American children (210 cocaine-exposed, 197 non-cocaine-exposed) enrolled prospectively at birth in a longitudinal study on the neurodevelopmental consequences of in utero exposure to cocaine. Prenatal cocaine exposure was assessed at delivery through maternal self-report and bioassays (maternal and infant urine and infant meconium). The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a measure of childhood externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, was completed by the child's current primary caregiver during an assessment visit scheduled when the child was seven years old. Results – Structural equation and GLM/GEE models disclosed no association linking prenatal cocaine exposure status or level of cocaine exposure to child behavior (CBCL Externalizing and Internalizing scores or the eight CBCL sub-scale scores). Conclusions – This evidence, based on standardized ratings by the current primary caregiver, fails to support hypothesized cocaine-associated behavioral problems in school-aged children with in utero cocaine exposure. A next step in this line of research is to secure standardized ratings from other informants (e.g., teachers, youth self-report).Declaration of Interest: This research was conducted in the context of an ongoing longitudinal study funded by the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA 06556). Support was also provided by a NIDA career development award (K01 DA 16720), a NIDA research training award (T32 DA 07292), the General Clinical Research Center (MOI RR 16587), and the Health Foundation of South Florida.

Download Full-text

The effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on the stress response of adult mice

Neurotoxicity Research ◽

10.1007/bf03033230 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cleopatra S. Planeta ◽

Jennifer Berliner ◽

Andrew Russ ◽

Barry E. Kosofsky

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Prenatal Cocaine

Download Full-text

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Longitudinal Study of Developmenta

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09732.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 846 (1) ◽

pp. 144-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

GALE A. RICHARDSON

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine

Download Full-text

A longitudinal study of prenatal cocaine exposure: 3-year outcome

Neurotoxicology and Teratology ◽

10.1016/0892-0362(95)93388-g ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 383-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G Richardson

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine

Download Full-text

Outcome from a Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Cocaine Use: Preschool Development at 3 Years of Age

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsj027 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Marylou Behnke ◽

Fonda Davis Eyler ◽

Tamara Duckworth Warner ◽

Cynthia Wilson Garvan ◽

Wei Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Prenatal Cocaine ◽

Preschool Development ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Download Full-text

Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579414000716 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 163-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tara M. Chaplin ◽

Kari Jeanne Visconti ◽

Peter J. Molfese ◽

Elizabeth J. Susman ◽

Laura Cousino Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Stress Response ◽

Low Income ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Self Report ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure ◽

Prenatal Risk ◽

Prenatal Cocaine ◽

Gender Interactions

AbstractPrenatal cocaine exposure may affect developing stress response systems in youth, potentially creating risk for substance use in adolescence. Further, pathways from prenatal risk to future substance use may differ for girls versus boys. The present longitudinal study examined multiple biobehavioral measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, emotion, and salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), in response to a stressor in 193 low-income 14- to 17-year-olds, half of whom were prenatally cocaine exposed (PCE). Youth's lifetime substance use was assessed with self-report, interview, and urine toxicology/breathalyzer at Time 1 and at Time 2 (6–12 months later). PCE × Gender interactions were found predicting anxiety, anger, and sadness responses to the stressor, with PCE girls showing heightened responses as compared to PCE boys on these indicators. Stress Response × Gender interactions were found predicting Time 2 substance use in youth (controlling for Time 1 use) for sAA and sadness; for girls, heightened sadness responses predicted substance use, but for boys, dampened sAA responses predicted substance use. Findings suggest distinct biobehavioral stress response risk profiles for boys and girls, with heightened arousal for girls and blunted arousal for boys associated with prenatal risk and future substance use outcomes.

Download Full-text