Decreased serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels after lifestyle intervention in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: Recent studies noted that circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) were closely related to metabolic states. The study aimed to explore the changes of GDF15 levels and their influencing factors after 4 weeks of lifestyle intervention (LI) or LI combined with breakfast meal replacement (LI+MR) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A total of 84 patients with available serum samples at both baseline and Week 4 were enrolled in this biomarker substudy. All subjects underwent a 2-hour 75g oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and Week 4. Serum GDF15 levels were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 4-weeks of LI, GDF15 levels overall significantly decreased compared with baseline (P<0.05). ∆GDF15 levels were significantly and negatively associated with baseline GDF15 levels (r=–0.450, P<0.001). The optimal cut-off point of baseline GDF15 levels for predicting a GDF15 decrease after 4-weeks of LI was 904.57 pg/ml, with an area under curve of 0.699. Based on the cut-off point of 900 pg/ml, patients with baseline GDF15 ≥900 pg/ml had significantly decreased GDF15 levels after LI, while those <900 pg/ml had no significant changes. Regression models showed that baseline GDF15 level was an independent positive factor for the improvement of fasting plasma glucose and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance only in patients with baseline GDF15 levels ≥900 pg/ml. Conclusions: LI led to significantly decreased GDF15 levels among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and its effect was more significant among patients with baseline GDF15 levels ≥900 pg/ml.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02248714. Registered 25 September 2014 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02248714?term=NCT02248714&draw=2&rank=1

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Effect of Atorvastatin on Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal ◽

10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.70 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ji Min Kim ◽

Min Kyung Back ◽

Hyon-Seung Yi ◽

Kyong Hye Joung ◽

Hyun Jin Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Differentiation Factor

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Assessment of serum tenascin-C and growth differentiation factor-15 among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.5937/jomb0-24662 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 460-466

Author(s):

Murugaiyan Vasanthi ◽

Prashant Adole ◽

Vinay Pandit ◽

Kolar Vinod

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Tenascin C ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Differentiation Factor

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Usefulness of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Levels to Predict Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.06.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 114 (6) ◽

pp. 890-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez ◽

Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez ◽

Pablo Avanzas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

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RELATION OF GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-15 LEVELS AND NUMBER OF CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) ◽

10.29256/v.02.02.2018.escbm09 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 15-15

Author(s):

Alexander A. Kremzer ◽

Ivan M. Fushtey ◽

Alexander A. Berezin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

RELATION OF GROWTH-DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-15 LEVELS AND NUMBER OF CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

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INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 15, P-SELECTIN AND GALECTIN-3 AND CLINICAL COURSE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Anton Bilchenko ◽

Кaterina Vysotska

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Differentiation Factor ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Grade 3

The aim of our study was to determine the base levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15, P-selectin and Galectin-3 in blood plasma in patients with AH and T2DM and to assess their association with the diseases clinical course. Materials and methods. A total of 121 patients were included in our study (60 female and 61 male, mean age 64.7±10.6 years, with AH and/or T2DM). Patients were divided into three groups: 1st group with AH only (51 patient), 2nd group with AH and T2DM (57 patients) and 3rd group with T2DM only (13 patients, control group). GDF-15, Galectin-3 and P-selectin tests were performed using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA). Results. Compared with AH without T2DM and T2DM only groups, AH with T2DM group had a statistically significant higher level of GDF-15. Grade 3 hypertension group had a significantly lower level of GDF-15 compared with Grade 1&2 hypertension groups. P-selectin mean level was significantly higher in Grade 3 hypertension group GDF-15 compared with Grade 1&2 hypertension groups. We observed weak correlation between Galectin-3 and GDF-15 in blood plasma, which was confirmed by linear regression analysis. Conclusions. A combination of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus revealed a significant increase of GDF-15 levels in compare with patients with only hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may be due to a greater response to oxidative stress and low-intensity systemic inflammation. P-selectin mean level was higher in patients with grade 3 hypertension, which reflects a greater platelet activation as a part of the systemic inflammatory response. Galectin-3 mean level was higher in patients with stage 3 hypertension compared with patients with stages 1 and 2 due to possibly more pronounced fibrosis progression.

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Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Biomarker of Obese Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Subjects: A Case-control Study

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399817666210104101739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Dipayan Roy ◽

Purvi Purohit ◽

Anupama Modi ◽

Manoj Khokhar ◽

Ravindra Kumar Gayaprasad Shukla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Differentiation Factor

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ever-growing epidemic in India, and poses significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Introduction: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive cytokine, increased in T2DM patients compared to control subjects without the disease. We aimed to assess whether serum GDF15 and adipose tissue GDF15 expression can differentiate between obese pre-diabetes and T2DM and control populations. Methodology: We recruited 156 individuals including 73 type 2 diabetes, 30 pre-diabetes, and 53 healthy controls. Clinical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical profiling were done. Insulin resistance indices were calculated following HOMA models. Serum GDF15 was measured by sandwich ELISA. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expression of GDF15 was observed in 17 T2DM patients and 29 controls using SYBR Green chemistry in RT-PCR using GAPDH as housekeeping gene. The data were analyzed on R programming platform using RStudio. Results: Serum GDF15 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in T2DM subjects (median 1445.47 pg/mL) compared to prediabetes (627.85 pg/mL) and healthy controls (609.01 pg/mL). Using the ΔΔCt method, the VAT GDF15 expression was 1.54 fold and 1.57 fold upregulated in T2DM (n=17) compared to control subjects (n=29), and obese (n=12) compared to non-obese (n=34)subjects, respectively. The optimal cut-off point following the Youden’s index method was found to be 868.09 pg/mL. ROC curve analysis revealed that serum GDF15 had a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 90.41%, 79.52%, and 0.892 respectively. GDF15 levels were significantly associated with age, BMI, HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance indices. Conclusion: Hence, serum GDF15 is a biomarker for T2DM patients in our study population from Western India. However, larger prospective cohorts are necessary to validate this claim.

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