Prevalence and factors affecting underweight, overweight and obesity using Asian and World Health Organization cutoffs among adults in Nepal: Analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life course (strong recommendation) with a reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of the total energy intake (strong recommendation) and preferably below 5% of the total energy intake (conditional recommendation) in both adults and children. Available data clearly show that people already consume significantly more sugar than they should, increasing the risk for dental caries, overweight and obesity. The WHO recommendations are intended for use by the policy makers as a benchmark for assessing intake of sugars by populations and as a driving force for policy change. To create a favorable environment, enabling the overall amount of free sugar intake to be as low as possible and to reduce the frequency of consumption of sugar-rich foods, a range of public health interventions is advised.

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Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria during Pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Malawi after adoption of updated World Health Organization policy: An Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2015-2016

10.21203/rs.2.20575/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Chifundo Azizi

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

World Health ◽

Limited Effectiveness ◽

Malaria During Pregnancy ◽

Health Organization ◽

Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine

Abstract Background: Malawi adopted the 2012 updated Word Health Organization (WHO) Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) policy in 2013. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of and identify factors associated with the uptake of at least three doses of IPTp with SP among pregnant women in Malawi after the adoption and operationalisation of updated WHO IPTp-SP policy. Methods: The 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey dataset was analysed. Of 1,219 women aged 15-49 years who had live births and the children were born after the date of July 2015, 1,069 women were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression were used in data analysis. The statistical analysis took into account a complex survey sample design. Results: Of the 1,069 women, 447 (42%, 95% CI: 38.1-45.6) received three (optimal) or more doses of IPTp-SP. Less than half (47%) managed to attend at least four antenatal care (ANC) clinics. Only 52% received optimal SP doses among those who made at least four ANC visits. Only the number of ANC visits was associated with the optimal uptake of SP. Women who attended ANC three times only and those who visited ANC once or twice only were less likely to receive at least three doses of SP than those who managed to attend ANC at least four times during pregnancy (AOR=0.71, 95% CI 0.49-1.02) and (AOR=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.21) respectively. Conclusions: To achieve effective malaria prevention in pregnancy, IPTP-SP is used alongside other interventions. However, there is low uptake of optimal SP doses in Malawi, and this seems to be associated with the number of ANC visits. Moreover, there is limited effectiveness of an increased number of ANC visits on the uptake of optimal SP doses. Further research should be done to explore health systems factors affecting uptake of optimal IPTp with SP doses during pregnancy.

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The Effects of Obesity on Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Pathology

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai.2007.0996 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 996-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Carol Frey ◽

James Zamora

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

The World ◽

Standard Classification ◽

Health Organization

Background: It is believed that obese individuals may have an increased number of foot and ankle problems. The World Health Organization recommends a standard classification of adult overweight and obesity using the following body mass index (BMI) calculations: a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 kg per m 2 is defined as overweight; a BMI of 30.0 kg per m 2 or more is defined as obesity. The purpose of this paper was to report a survey of 1411 patients in an orthopaedic foot and ankle practice and compare the incidence of orthopaedic foot and ankle complaints with the BMI. Method: One thousand four hundred and eleven adults, including 887(62.4%) women and 535(37.6%) men, were evaluated in this study. The BMI was calculated for each subject using the standards of the World Health Organization. The subjects were divided into two groups: normal and overweight. The normal weight subjects had a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 ( n = 684; 48.1%) and the overweight or obese group had a BMI greater than or equal to 25 ( n = 738; 51.9%). Results: In this study, being overweight or obese significantly increased the chances of having tendinitis in general. If the subjects were overweight or obese, there was an increased likelihood, although not significant, of plantar fasciitis and osteoarthritis. If the individuals were of normal weight, there was an increased likelihood of hallux valgus. Conclusions: Tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, and osteoarthritis usually are secondary to overuse and increased stress on the soft tissues and joints, which may be directly related to increased weight on these structures.

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