Dehydrocostus lactone is exuded from sunflower roots and stimulates germination of the root parasite Orobanche cumana

Infestations with sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), an obligatory root parasite, constitute a major limitation to sunflower production in many regions around the world. Breeding for resistance is the most effective approach to reduce sunflower broomrape infestation, yet resistance mechanisms are often broken by new races of the pathogen. Elucidating the mechanisms controlling resistance to broomrape at the molecular level is, thus, a desirable way to obtain long-lasting resistance. In this study, we investigated broomrape resistance in a confectionery sunflower cultivar with a robust and long-lasting resistance to sunflower broomrape. Visual screening and histological examination of sunflower roots revealed that penetration of the broomrape haustorium into the sunflower roots was blocked at the cortex, indicating a pre-haustorial mechanism of resistance. A comparative RNA sequencing between broomrape-resistant and -susceptible accessions allowed the identification of genes that were significantly differentially expressed upon broomrape infestation. Among these genes were β-1,3-endoglucanase, β-glucanase, and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4 (ERF4). These genes were previously reported to be pathogenesis-related in other plant species. This transcriptomic investigation, together with the histological examinations, led us to conclude that the resistance mechanism involves the identification of the broomrape and the consequent formation of a physical barrier that prevents the establishment of the broomrape into the sunflower roots.

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Prohexadione calcium is herbicidal to the sunflower root parasite Orobanche cumana

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.6216 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Franziska Lerner ◽

Matthias Pfenning ◽

Laurent Picard ◽

Jens Lerchl ◽

Eva Hollenbach

Keyword(s):

Orobanche Cumana ◽

Root Parasite ◽

Prohexadione Calcium

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Biological and Transcriptomic Characterization of Pre-haustorial Resistance to Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana W.)

10.1101/2021.02.17.431739 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dana Sisou ◽

Yaakov Tadmor ◽

Dina Plakhine ◽

Sariel Hübner ◽

Hanan Eizenberg

Keyword(s):

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Orobanche Cumana ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Root Parasite ◽

Sunflower Broomrape ◽

New Races

AbstractInfestations with sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), an obligatory root parasite, constitute a major limitation to sunflower production in many regions around the world. Breeding for resistance is the most effective approach to reduce sunflower broomrape infestation, yet resistance mechanisms are often overcome by new races of the pathogen. Elucidating the mechanisms controlling the resistance to broomrape at the molecular level is thus the most desirable pathway to obtaining long-lasting resistance and reducing yield loss in sunflower. In this study, we investigated broomrape resistance in a confectionery sunflower hybrid with a robust and long-lasting resistance to sunflower broomrape. Visual screening and histological examination of sunflower roots revealed that penetration of the intrusive broomrape cells into the host root endodermis is blocked at the host cortex, indicating a pre-haustorial mechanism of resistance. A comparative RNA-Seq experiment conducted between roots obtained from the resistant cultivar, a bulk of five broomrape resistant lines and a bulk of five broomrape susceptible lines allowed the identification of genes that were significantly differentially expressed upon broomrape infestation. Among these differentially expressed genes, β-1,3-endoglucanase, β-glucanase and ethylene-responsive transcription factor4 (ERF4) genes were identified. These genes were previously reported to be pathogenesis-related genes in other plant species. This genetics investigation together with the histological examinations led us to conclude that the resistance mechanism involves the identification of the broomrape and the consequent formation of a physical barrier that prevents the penetration of the broomrape into the sunflower roots.

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The obligate root parasite Orobanche cumana exhibits several rbcL sequences

Gene ◽

10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00868-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 297 (1-2) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Philippe Delavault ◽

Patrick Thalouarn

Keyword(s):

Orobanche Cumana ◽

Root Parasite ◽

Rbcl Sequences

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A new race of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana) with a wider host range due to changes in seed response to strigolactones

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2019.73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 134-142

Author(s):

Evgenia Dor ◽

Dina Plakhine ◽

Daniel M. Joel ◽

Hailey Larose ◽

James H. Westwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Orobanche Cumana ◽

Dicotyledonous Plants ◽

Sunflower Broomrape ◽

New Race ◽

New Races ◽

Noxious Weed ◽

Dehydrocostus Lactone

AbstractBroomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species, Orobanchaceae) are obligate root parasites of dicotyledonous plants. This taxonomic group includes seven weedy parasites of agricultural crops that damage vegetables, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and legumes. Processing-tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fields in Israel have been recently found infested with a new broomrape, first identified as nodding broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) based on its host. However, its morphology resembled the closely related sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), an obligate parasite of sunflower. The new race (CUCE) parasitized sunflower, tomato, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in vitro, in a polyethylene bag system and in pots. Its seeds germinated in response to strigolactones (orobanchol, 5-deoxystrigol, 2′-epiorobanchol, and GR24) and dehydrocostus lactone (DCL), whereas O. cumana seeds responded only to DCL and GR24, and O. cernua only to strigolactones. Based on morphological similarities with O. cumana, shared molecular markers with O. cumana, ability to parasitize sunflower and respond to sunflower-germination stimulants, it was concluded that CUCE is a new race of O. cumana, with a host range expanding to Solanaceae crops. While being an important noxious weed of sunflower, this new O. cumana race is currently spreading and posing a threat to processing tomato in Israel. This finding is an alarming indication that broomrapes can shift host range and that similar new races of O. cumana could potentially appear in other countries.

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Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape).

10.1079/cpc.37745.20210102251 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Parker

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Western Europe ◽

Orobanche Cumana ◽

Winter Temperatures ◽

Root Parasite ◽

Sunflower Broomrape

Abstract O. cumana is an obligatory, non-photosynthetic root parasite. It is believed to have evolved relatively recently from forms of O. cernua parasitizing wild Asteraceae, in particular species of Artemisia, and transferring to cultivated Helianthus annuus (sunflower). O. cumana is thought to be native to Eastern Europe (Russia) and has subsequently spread to most other sunflower growing regions of central and western Europe and Asia. The absence of O. cumana in sunflower growing regions of South America (for example Argentina) is believed to be associated with warmer winter temperatures not suitable for this species, rather than the seeds not being present. O. cumana can cause immense damage to cultivated sunflowers resulting in a significant decrease in yield. Despite resistant sunflower varieties being developed more virulent races of O. cumana have repeatedly evolved, or been selected, to overcome resistance. Thus, in spite of constant breeding efforts, losses continue in established sunflower growing areas and there is potential for it to invade new areas, wherever sunflower is grown.

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DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v11i1.149 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Bista ◽

G. B. Khattri ◽

B. D. Acharya ◽

S. C. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Key Words ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Seed Set ◽

Summer Season ◽

Conditioning Period ◽

Root Parasite ◽

One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

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