scholarly journals Phylogenetic incongruence in Cymbidium orchids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Gui-Zhen Chen ◽  
Li-Jun Chen ◽  
Jun-Wen Zhai ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Incongruence

scholarly journals Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi encode enzymes and are expressed during early development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M Hernandez ◽  
Joseph F Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Phylogenetic Incongruence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body

Horizontal gene transfer has had major impacts on the biology of a wide range of organisms from antibiotic resistance in bacteria to adaptations to herbivory in arthropods. A growing body of literature shows that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between non-animals and animals is more commonplace than previously thought. In this study, we present a thorough investigation of HGT in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. We applied tests of phylogenetic incongruence to identify nine genes that were likely transferred horizontally early in ctenophore evolution from bacteria and non-metazoan eukaryotes. All but one of these HGTs (an uncharacterized protein) appear to perform enzymatic activities in M. leidyi, supporting previous observations that enzymes are more likely to be retained after HGT events. We found that the majority of these nine horizontally transferred genes were expressed during early development, suggesting that they are active and play a role in the biology of M. leidyi. This is the first report of HGT in ctenophores, and contributes to an ever-growing literature on the prevalence of genetic information flowing between non-animals and animals.

Patterns of phylogenetic incongruence in Medicago found among six loci

2016 ◽  
Vol 302 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe de Sousa ◽  
Yann J. K. Bertrand ◽  
Bernard E. Pfeil
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Incongruence

scholarly journals How Many Genes are Needed to Resolve Phylogenetic Incongruence?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. EBO.S26047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ai ◽  
Ming Kang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Incongruence

scholarly journals Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 253-283
Author(s):  
Rogério Botion Lopes ◽  
James M. Carpenter ◽  
Fernando Barbosa Noll
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Phylogenetic Incongruence ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Species Groups

Zethus is the largest genus in Vespidae with over 270 species. It is currently divided into four subgenera: Z. (Zethus), Z. (Zethoides), Z. (Zethusculus) and Z. (Madecazethus). While the last three are restricted to certain biogeographic areas, the first is spread through western and eastern hemispheres. Studies have shown possible phylogenetic incongruence regarding this current division and even raised the possibility of paraphyly in the genus. To evaluate this classification, morphological pasimony analyses under implied weights was carried out, examining external morphology and male genitalia. Analyses showed paraphyly of the genus under various “k” values and paraphyly of two subgenera. Ischnocoelia and Ctenochilus are lowered to subgenera of Zethus. Zethus (Madecazethus) is no longer restricted to Malagasy species and now includes those of the African continent as well. Zethus (Zethastrum)subg. nov. is defined for Oriental representatives. Z. (Zethus) is subdivided into three subgenera: Z. (Zethus), Z. (Didymogastra) and Z. (Wettsteinia). Zethus (Zethusculus) and Z. (Zethoides) are monophyletic and hold their status as subgenera. Three species-groups are Incertae sedis: Z. albopictus, Z. pallidus and Z. spinosus.

scholarly journals Revisiting the first case of insect-bacteria cospeciation: phylogenetic incongruence between aphids and their obligate endosymbiont at subfamily level

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Huang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Gexia Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Incongruence ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
First Case ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Diversification Hypothesis

It has been widely accepted that aphids and their primary endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera have strictly parallel diversification relationship. As the first reported case of insect-bacteria cospeciation, this parallel diversification hypothesis has been prevalent, in spite of its basis of limited taxonomic sampling and recent doubts. Here we revisit the evolutionary relationships between aphids and Buchnera by using much more taxa and genomic data (16S rDNA, ATP synthase β-subunit gene, and gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene) to reconstruct the Buchnera phylogeny and test its congruence with the host phylogeny. Comparisons of the Buchnera phylogeny with morphology- and molecular-based aphid phylogenies indicate phylogenetic incongruence between aphids and Buchnera at subfamily level. Current empirical and theoretical evidence indicate two potential mechanisms underlying this incongruence: one is variation in evolutionary rates of Buchnera genomes among different aphid lineages; the other is horizontal transmission of Buchnera during the radiation of extant aphid subfamilies and tribes from their common ancestor.

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