Multifractal analysis to characterize urban surface dust volume-size distribution

An understanding of the characteristics of pollutants on impervious surfaces is essential to estimate pollution loads and to design methods to minimize the impacts of pollutants on the environment. In this study, simulated rainfall equipment was constructed to investigate the pollutant discharge process and the influence factors of urban surface runoff (USR). The results indicated that concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) appeared to be higher in the early period and then decreased gradually with rainfall duration until finally stabilized. The capacity and particle size of surface dust, rainfall intensity and urban surface slopes affected runoff pollution loads to a variable extent. The loads of TP, TN and COD showed a positive relationship with the surface dust capacity, whereas the maximum TSS load appeared when the surface dust was 0.0317 g·cm−2. Smaller particle sizes (<0.125 mm) of surface dust generated high TN, TP and COD loads. Increases in rainfall intensity and surface slope enhanced the pollution carrying capacity of runoff, leading to higher pollution loads. Knowledge of the influence factors could assist in the management of USR pollution loads.

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Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Surface Dust and Soil of Shanghai, China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2989 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 2989-2994 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jing Ma ◽

Ji San Zheng ◽

Zu Yi Chen ◽

Ming Hong Wu ◽

Yuichi Horii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Power Plants ◽

Road Dust ◽

Urban Surface ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Vehicle Exhaust ◽

Surface Dust ◽

Steel Factory ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) are a group of halogenated contaminants found in the urban environment with a toxic potential similar to dioxins. Little is well-known on the distribution and characteristics of ClPAHs on urban surfaces. In this study, concentrations of 20 ClPAH congeners were measured in road dust and soil from crossroads along arterial traffic, park and lake areas, a chemical industrial complex, waste incineration power plants nearby, and a steel factory in Shanghai. ClPAHs are ubiquitous and log-normally distribute in urban surface with a range from 0.27 to 206 ng/g dw for dust, and with a range from 0.05 to 94.3 ng/g dw for soils. The highest mean concentration of total 20 ClPAHs is found in floor dust from a steel factory. ClPyr and ClPhe are predominant in road dust, which infers that ClPAHs detected in the urban surface dust samples originate from vehicle exhaust.

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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Urban Surface Dust and Soil in Shanghai, China: Profiles, Possible Sources and Health Risk Assessment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.642 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 642-649

Author(s):

Zu Yi Chen ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Ming Hong Wu ◽

Jian Qiu Lei

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Mean Value ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Urban Surface ◽

Surface Dust ◽

Diphenyl Ethers

The compositional profiles and health risks of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed with urban surface dust and soil samples from industrial, traffic and green areas in Shanghai. The total concentration of ∑8PBDE in urban surface dust ranged from 1.90 to 162 ng/g with a mean value of 29.6 ng/g, while the total concentration of ∑8PBDE in urban surface soil ranged from 1.09 to 39.9 ng/g with a mean value of 9.46 ng/g. ∑PBDEs have a higher concentration in urban dust samples as compared to urban soil samples. Cancer risks were calculated by Average Daily Dose (ADD) for human exposure to urban surface dust and soil containing PBDEs. Concentrations in Shanghai were 3.66×10-4 and 5.85×10-5 for children, and 1.58×10-4 and 6.44×10-5 for adults. Meanwhile, the health risk assessment has indicated that the intake of PBDEs via ingestion and dermal contact were higher than that via inhalation.

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