Reconstruction of the mid-to Late- Holocene history of vegetation and land-use in Petrešiūnai, north-east Lithuania: Implications from palaeobotanical and archaeological data

2019 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stančikaitė ◽  
A. Simniškytė ◽  
Ž. Skuratovič ◽  
L. Gedminienė ◽  
V. Kazakauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
North East ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Holocene history of fire, vegetation and land use from the central Pyrenees (France)

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Rius ◽  
Boris Vanniére ◽  
Didier Galop
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Central Pyrenees

Located on a mountain pass in the west-central Pyrenees, the Col d'Ech peat bog provides a Holocene fire and vegetation record based upon nine 14C (AMS) dates. We aim to compare climate-driven versus human-driven fire regimes in terms of frequency, fire episodes distribution, and impact on vegetation. Our results show the mid-Holocene (8500–5500 cal yr BP) to be characterized by high fire frequency linked with drier and warmer conditions. However, fire occurrences appear to have been rather stochastic as underlined by a scattered chronological distribution. Wetter and colder conditions at the mid-to-late Holocene transition (4000–3000 cal yr BP) led to a decrease in fire frequency, probably driven by both climate and a subsequent reduction in human land use. On the contrary, from 3000 cal yr BP, fire frequency seems to be driven by agro-pastoral activities with a very regular distribution of events. During this period fire was used as a prominent agent of landscape management.

scholarly journals THE LATE HOLOCENE HISTORY OF VEGETATION OF THE ACCUMULATIVE PLAIN IN THE INNER PART OF THE USSURI BAY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.С. Белянин ◽  
Н.И. Белянина
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
History Of

На основе палинологических данных, восстановлена история развития природной среды аккумулятивной равнины в кутовой части Уссурийского залива за последние 5350 кал. л. Определены особенности структуры растительного покрова в завершающую фазу оптимума голоцена, а также при разнонаправленных климатических флуктуациях позднего голоцена. В завершающую фазу оптимума голоцена широколиственные растения в горном обрамлении были распространены более широко, чем в настоящее время. На аккумулятивной равнине преобладали мелколиственные растительные сообщества с доминированием березы обыкновенной, гибридных берез и ольхи. Похолодание, начавшееся в конце среднего и продолжившееся в начале позднего голоцена, привело к сокращению в растительности широколиственных растений и более широкому распространению мелколиственных. В конце позднего голоцена в кутовой части Уссурийского залива сложились природные условия, обусловившие формирование современной структуры растительности. Based on the palynological data, the history of vegetation on the accumulative plain in the inner part of the Ussuri Bay was reconstructed. Features of the structure of the vegetation cover during the final phase of the Holocene optimum and at multidirectional climatic fluctuations in the Late Holocene were identified. Broad-leaf plants in the final phase of the Holocene were more widely-spread on the surrounding mountain than at present. On the accumulative plains grassy meadows with small-leaf plant communities dominated. Deterioration of natural conditions during the transition to the Late Holocene caused a decrease in vegetation of broad- leaved plants and in an increase in the role of small-plants. At the end of the Late Holocene natural conditions developed in the inner part of the Ussuri Bay, that conditioned the formation of the modern structure of vegetation.

Ethnography in the reconstruction of African land use histories: a Sierra Leone example

Africa ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Endre Nyerges
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe history of vegetation and land use in western Africa includes a pattern of environmental change that can best be described as gradual, subtle, and difficult to measure accurately. As compared, for example, with the process of large-scale felling in Amazonia, deforestation in this context is not readily amenable to analysis and quantification. Local ethnographic, ecological, and ethnohistorical techniques, however, can be used to develop the information required to advance our understanding of the processes of land use and forest change in the region. In this article, research into the contemporary ecology and ethnography of one swidden fanning group, the Susu of Sierra Leone, is combined with historical reconstruction and ethnohistorical documentation of the area, beginning with the visit of the Portuguese Jesuit Priest Fr Balthazar Barreira in 1516. Later documentary sources include the journal of the British_staff sergeant Brian O'Beirne, who explored the road from Freetown to the Fouta Jallon in 1821, and an account of a regional tour by the colonial traveller Frederick Migeod in 1922. These and other data are used to determine how present production systems cause processes of forest change, to assess the extent to which present production systems reflect the past, and to determine how past systems have affected the environment and changed and evolved over time.

Late Holocene Climatic Changes in Western Equatorial Africa Inferred from Pollen from Lake Sinnda, Southern Congo

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Vincens ◽  
Dominique Schwartz ◽  
Jacques Bertaux ◽  
Hilaire Elenga ◽  
Christian de Namur
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Pollen analysis of two cores from the Lake Sinnda, located in one of the driest areas of the southern Congo, reveals a history of vegetation and climate in this region during the past 5000 yr. A major change centered around 3000–2500 yr B.P. is indicated by an abrupt decrease in forest pollen and by a corresponding increase in grassland pollen. Concurrent drying up of the lake shows that climate, in particular aridity, was the major cause of this change. This paleoclimatic reconstruction conforms with evidence for drier conditions in other parts of western equatorial Africa, such as the development of isolated enclosed savannas and of heliophilous forested formations. The aridity is recorded more fully at Lake Sinnda than at the previous studied ones. It probably lasted longer, from 4200 to 1300 yr B.P., and was more progressive than previously inferred. The aridity predates agriculture marked by pollen of the oil palm at Lake Sinnda.

Vegetation mapping in China

1996 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Hongkang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
North East ◽  
History Of Vegetation ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vegetation Maps

The article gives the brief outline of the history of vegetation mapping in China. Three periods in the development of Chinese vegetation cartography are distinguished. 1. The primary period (before 1957) is characterized by schematic, mostly regionalization, small-scale maps based on a physiognomic approach with few divisions of the legend. An example is the Vegetation Map of China at 1 : 18 000 000, published in 1957 which showed basic reguliarities of the geographic distribution of vegetation in China, its legend having included 13 numbers. 2. The period of maturation (from 1958 up to 1979). The extensive field investigations and rapid development of theory and methodology promoted the creation of some important cartographic works. The most significant of them are: Vegetation Map of China at 1 : 10 000 000 (Hou Hsiohyu et al., 1965), Vegetation Regionalization Map of China (Hou Hsiohyu, 1965), Vegetation Map of People s Republic of China at 1 : 4 000 000 (Hou Hsiohyu at al., 1980). These maps are notable for a great deal of various data involved, the hierarchic complex legends of almost two hundred divisions, the application of some new scientific approaches: showing the latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal differentiation, the edaphic variation of and the dynamic phenomena in vegetation. In this period some regional maps were published as well: vegetation maps of North-East China at 1 : 500 000 and of Zun Ge Er at 1 : 2 000 000. 3. The period of rapid and intensive development (after 1980). Owing to remote sensing technique numerous small-scale maps were prepared and published. The basic one is the Vegetation Map of China at 1 : 1 000 000. For its preparing a great deal of field materials, satellite images and literature data were involved. About 300 researches took part in this work.

scholarly journals Sparse Radiocarbon Data Confound Culture-Climate Links in Late Pre-Columbian Amazonia

Quaternary ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Philip Riris
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Intensive Land Use

It has recently been argued that pre-Columbian societies in the greater Amazon basin during the Late Holocene were subject to “adaptive cycling”. In this model, cultures practicing “intensive” land use practices, such as raised field agriculture, were vulnerable to perturbations in hydroclimate, whereas “extensive” land use patterns, such as polyculture agroforestry, are viewed as more resilient to climate change. On the basis of radiocarbon data, the relative rise and fall of late pre-Columbian cultures and their inferred patterns of land use in six regions are highlighted to exemplify this model. This paper re-examines the radiocarbon evidence marshalled in favour of adaptive cycling, demonstrating that alleged temporal patterning in these data are overwhelmingly likely due to a combination of sampling effects, lack of statistical controls, and unacknowledged uncertainties that are inherent to radiocarbon dating. The outcome of this combination of factors seriously limits the possibility of cross-referencing archaeological data with palaeo-ecological and -climatological data without controlling for these effects, undermining the central archaeological pillar in support of adaptive cycling in Amazonia. This paper illustrates examples of such mitigation measures and provides the code to replicate them. Suggestions for how to overcome the serious limitations identified in the Late Holocene radiocarbon record of Amazonia are presented in the context of ongoing debates on inferring climatic causation in archaeological and historical datasets.

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