Changes in mast cell number and stem cell factor expression in human skin after radiotherapy for breast cancer

Mast cells have recently been related to nonallergic chronic organ damage and fibrosis. In the present study, we analyzed mast cell number, localization, and maturation in the kidney of a relatively unique group of middle-aged accident victims with primary essential hypertension and in normotensive controls ( n = 8 per group, Caucasians, predominantly male). Hypertensive kidneys showed a significantly higher degree of arteriolosclerosis. However, glomerular and tubulointerstitial matrix accumulation did not differ significantly to normotensive controls indicating a relatively early stage of hypertensive nephropathy. Using toluidine blue staining, renal mast cell number was found to be fivefold higher in hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive controls. Mast cells were primarily located in the peritubular interstitial spaces, some perivascular, but not in glomeruli. In a series of immunohistological staining studies, mast cell maturation grading showed that expression of early hematopoietic precursor cell marker CD34 did not differ between both groups. In contrast, mast cells were mostly positive for IgE receptor, tryptase, and chymase indicating a mature, differentiated cell phenotype in hypertensive nephropathy. Renal expression of stem cell factor was markedly upregulated in primary hypertension. Kidney macrophage and lymphocyte numbers were similar in both groups. In conclusion, human hypertensive kidney disease shows an early and conspicuous upregulation of stem cell factor along with an increased number of mature mast cells. The results suggest that renal mast cell accumulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of human hypertensive nephropathy.

Download Full-text

Glucocorticoids decrease tissue mast cell number by reducing the production of the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, by resident cells: in vitro and in vivo evidence in murine systems.

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci119336 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 1721-1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

S Finotto ◽

Y A Mekori ◽

D D Metcalfe

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Cell Number ◽

Tissue Mast Cell ◽

Kit Ligand ◽

Mast Cell Number

Download Full-text

Diamine Oxidase-Gold Ultrastructural Localization of Histamine in Human Skin Biopsies Containing Mast Cells Stimulated to Degranulate In Vivo by Exposure to Recombinant Human Stem Cell Factor

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v90.8.2893 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 90 (8) ◽

pp. 2893-2900 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ann M. Dvorak ◽

John J. Costa ◽

Ellen S. Morgan ◽

Rita A. Monahan-Earley ◽

Stephen J. Galli

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Human Skin ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Diamine Oxidase ◽

Human Mast Cells ◽

Skin Biopsies

AbstractStem cell factor (SCF ) has a major role in hematopoiesis and in the regulation of mast cell development and function. For example, recombinant human SCF (rhSCF ) can induce the development of human mast cells from precursor cells in vitro, stimulate mediator release from human skin mast cells in vitro, and promote both the development and functional activation of human skin mast cells in vivo. In the present study, we used a new ultrastructural enzyme-affinity method, employing diamine oxidase (DAO)-conjugated gold particles (DAO-gold), to detect histamine in skin biopsies obtained from patients with breast carcinomas who were receiving daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of rhSCF in a phase I study of this cytokine. We examined control biopsies obtained at sites remote from rhSCF injection as well as biopsies of rhSCF-injected skin that were obtained within 2 hours and 30 minutes of the SC injection of rhSCF at that site. The rhSCF-injected sites (which clinically exhibited a wheal-and-flare response), but not the control sites, contained mast cells undergoing regulated secretion by granule extrusion. The DAO-gold-affinity method detected histamine in electron-dense granules of mast cells in control and injected skin biopsies; however, the altered matrix of membrane-free, extruded mast cell granules was largely unreactive with DAO-gold. Notably, DAO-gold bound strongly to fibrin deposits and collagen fibers that were adjacent to degranulated mast cells. These findings represent the first morphologic evidence of histamine secretion by classical granule exocytosis in human mast cells in vivo.

Download Full-text

Local injection of recombinant human stem cell factor promotes human skin mast cell survival and neurofibroma cell proliferation in the transplanted neurofibroma in nude mice

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/s004030050416 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 291 (6) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Demitsu ◽

Tomoharu Kiyosawa ◽

Maki Kakurai ◽

Satoru Murata ◽

Hideo Yaoita

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Human Skin ◽

Nude Mice ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Human Stem Cell ◽

Skin Mast Cell ◽

Human Stem Cell Factor

Download Full-text

Mast cell protease and stem cell factor expression in rat liver fibrosis

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80523-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

MDA Gaca ◽

MJP Arthur ◽

RC Benyon

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Mast Cell Protease ◽

Factor Expression ◽

Rat Liver Fibrosis

Download Full-text

GPR30 decreases cardiac chymase/angiotensin II by inhibiting local mast cell number

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.082 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 459 (1) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zhuo Zhao ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Marina Lin ◽

Leanne Groban

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Cell Number ◽

Mast Cell Number

Download Full-text

The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis: worm kinetics and intestinal cytopathology in conventional and congenitally athymic BALB/c mice

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000075120 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 297-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

T. Fujino ◽

B. Fried ◽

I. Tada

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Cell Number ◽

Athymic Mice ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Mucosal Mast Cells ◽

Worm Recovery ◽

Mast Cell Number ◽

Echinostoma Trivolvis ◽

Over Time

SUMMARYThe infectivity and distribution of Echinostoma trivolvis were studied in male, conventional and congenitally athymic nude mice, each infected with 30 metacercarial cysts. In conventional mice, worm recoveries at 6 and 8 days post-exposure were58·3 and 54·0%, respectively. Worm recovery declined to 44·0% by day 10, to 4·3% by day 13, and 0% by day 17. In athymic mice, worm recoveries at 6 and 8 days post-exposure were 61·7 and 36·3%, respectively. Worm recovery declined to 27·7% by day 10, to 0·7% by day 13, and 0% by day 17. The distribution of worms demonstrated a posteriad migration over time in both groups. Kinetic changes in the number of goblet and mucosal mast cells in the upper ileum of mice infected with E. trivolvis were examined. In conventional mice, the number of goblet cells increased rapidly to reach a peak at day 13 and then declined gradually. The number of goblet cells in athymic mice also increased to reach a peak at day 13, and then declined rapidly. However, the number of goblet cells in athymic mice was always less than that inconventional mice. The mast cell number in infected conventional mice increased rapidly to reach a peak at day 17 and then declined. There was no increase in the mast cell number of infected athymic mice throughout the experiment. Whereas common pathological changes occurred in the intestines of both mice groups infected with echinostomes some ultrastructural differences were observed in the gut epithelial cells of conventional versus athymic mice.

Download Full-text