Corrigendum to “Effects of alternate-day fasting, time-restricted fasting and intermittent energy restriction DSS-induced on colitis and behavioral disorders” [Redox Biology 32, 2020, 101535]

Obesity remains a major public health concern and intermittent fasting is a popular strategy for weight loss, which may present independent health benefits. However, the number of diet books advising how fasting can be incorporated into our daily lives is several orders of magnitude greater than the number of trials examining whether fasting should be encouraged at all. This review will consider the state of current understanding regarding various forms of intermittent fasting (e.g. 5:2, time-restricted feeding and alternate-day fasting). The efficacy of these temporally defined approaches appears broadly equivalent to that of standard daily energy restriction, although many of these models of intermittent fasting do not involve fed-fasted cycles every other 24 h sleep–wake cycle and/or permit some limited energy intake outside of prescribed feeding times. Accordingly, the intervention period therefore may not regularly alternate, may not span all or even most of any given day, and may not even involve absolute fasting. This is important because potentially advantageous physiological mechanisms may only be initiated if a post-absorptive state is sustained by uninterrupted fasting for a more prolonged duration than applied in many trials. Indeed, promising effects on fat mass and insulin sensitivity have been reported when fasting duration is routinely extended beyond sixteen consecutive hours. Further progress will require such models to be tested with appropriate controls to isolate whether any possible health effects of intermittent fasting are primarily attributable to regularly protracted post-absorptive periods, or simply to the net negative energy balance indirectly elicited by any form of dietary restriction.

Download Full-text

Randomized Trial of a High Protein, Partial Meal Replacement Program with or without Alternate Day Fasting: Similar Effects on Weight Loss, Retention Status, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jane Bowen ◽

Emily Brindal ◽

Genevieve James-Martin ◽

Manny Noakes

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

High Protein ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Protein Meal ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Alternate Day Fasting ◽

Meal Replacement Program

Higher-protein diets, meal replacements, and greater early weight loss have separately been associated with greater weight loss. We compared a high-protein, meal replacement program with daily energy restriction (DER) to one which provided greater energy restriction adding alternate day fasting (ADF + DER; alternating days of modified-fasting and DER plus 1 ad libitum day/week) on retention, weight loss, physiological, nutritional, and behavioral markers. Participants were randomized to ADF + DER or DER for 16 weeks (n = 162, age 40 ± 8 years BMI 36 ± 6 kg/m2 (Mean ± SD)) plus 8 weeks weight maintenance. At week 16 weight change was −10.7 ± 0.5 kg and −11.2 ± 0.6 kg in ADF + DER and DER groups (treatment NS). Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and lean mass (p < 0.05) were similarly reduced between treatments. Weight loss was sustained to 24 weeks (treatment NS). Fasting LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, hsCRP, glucose, and blood pressure all improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Transferrin saturation, ferritin, serum zinc, folate, and B12 improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Plasma thiamine and vitamin D levels decreased, reflecting lower carbohydrate intakes and seasonal changes, respectively. Food cravings, quality of life, and mood improved (treatment NS). Energy, fatigue, and pain improved slightly more in DER (p < 0.05). This study supports the use of higher protein, meal replacement programs with or without ADF in weight management.

Download Full-text

Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders in People with Developmental Disabilities and Mental Retardation. Edited by Nick Bouras. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999. pp. 464. £35.00 (pb).

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0021963099235718 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 949-952

Author(s):

T. P. Berney

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Developmental Disabilities ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Cambridge University

Download Full-text

Phonological Awareness Acquisition in Children With Coexisting Mental Retardation and Behavioral Disorders

Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders ◽

10.1044/cicsd_29_f_194 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (Fall) ◽

pp. 194-207

Author(s):

Julie A. Celek ◽

Monica Gordon Geller ◽

Pershey ◽

Donna M. Fox

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Phonological Awareness ◽

Behavioral Disorders

Download Full-text

Commentary

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.novdec02 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 8-8

Author(s):

Richard T. Katz

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽

Psychiatric Rating ◽

Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽

Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.

Download Full-text

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.novdec01 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Norma Leclair ◽

Steve Leclair ◽

Robert Barth

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Central Nervous System Damage ◽

Brain Functioning ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

Download Full-text