Test-retest reliability, minimal detectable change and convergent validity of the performance-based balance scale (PBS) in community-living older adults

Abstract Background Fluid intelligence deficits affect executive functioning and social behaviors in patients with schizophrenia. To help clinicians manage fluid intelligence deficits, a psychometrically sound measure is needed. The purposes of this study were to examine the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4) assessing fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 103 patients with stable condition were assessed with the TONI-4 twice with a 4-week interval to examine the test–retest reliability. We further used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Tablet-Based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (T-SDMT) to examine the convergent validity of the TONI-4. Results The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the TONI-4. The percentages of standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change for the TONI-4 were 5.1 and 14.2%, respectively. The practice effect of the TONI-4 was small (Cohen’s d = − 0.03). Convergent validity showed small to moderate significant correlations between the TONI-4 and the MoCA as well as the T-SDMT (r = 0.35, p = .011 with the T-SDMT and r = 0.61, p < .001 with the MoCA). The results demonstrated that the TONI-4 had good test–retest reliability, limited random measurement error, and a trivial practice effect. The convergent validity of the TONI-4 was good. Conclusions These findings indicate that the TONI-4 has potential to be a reliable and valid assessment of fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia.

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Test–Retest Reliability of the Mini-BESTest in People With Mild to Moderate Multiple Sclerosis

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzab045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A Wallin ◽

M Kierkegaard ◽

E Franzén ◽

S Johansson

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Measurement Errors ◽

Balance Control ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective The mini-BESTest is a balance measure for assessment of the underlying physiological systems for balance control in adults. Evaluations of test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest in larger samples of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest total and section sum scores and individual items in people with mild to moderate overall MS disability. Methods This study used a test–retest design in a movement laboratory setting. Fifty-four people with mild to moderate overall MS disability according to the Expanded Disability Status scale (EDSS) were included, with 28 in the mild subgroup (EDSS 2.0–3.5) and 26 in the moderate subgroup (EDSS 4.0–5.5). Test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest was evaluated by repeated measurements taken 1 week apart. Reliability and measurement error were analyzed. Results Test–retest reliability for the total scores were considered good to excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients of .88 for the whole sample, .83 for the mild MS subgroup, and .80 for the moderate MS subgroup. Measurement errors were small, with standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of 1.3 and 3.5, respectively, in mild MS, and 1.7 and 4.7, respectively, in moderate MS. The limits of agreement were − 3.4 and 4.6. Test–retest reliability for the section scores were fair to good or excellent; weighted kappa values ranged from .62 to .83. All items but 1 showed fair to good or excellent test–retest reliability, and percentage agreement ranged from 61% to 100%. Conclusions The mini-BESTest demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability and small measurement errors and is recommended for use in people with mild to moderate MS. Impact Knowledge of limits of agreement and minimal detectable change contribute to interpretability of the mini-BESTest total score. The findings of this study enhance the clinical usefulness of the test for evaluation of balance control and for designing individually customized balance training with high precision and accuracy in people with MS.

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Test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change scores of twelve functional fitness tests in adults with Down syndrome

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

PH Boer ◽

S.J. Moss

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Change Scores ◽

Fitness Tests ◽

Test Retest Reliability

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72 Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for Postural Sway by using Sway Meter in Elderly Subjects

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv18-iv27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kitima Rongsawad ◽

Laddawon Worawan ◽

Karnsiree Jirarojprapa ◽

Sararat Kaewkham ◽

Sarawut Khattiwong

Keyword(s):

Clinical Relevance ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Simple Method ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Introduction Static postural stability is the ability to maintain the posture with minimum sway. Increasing postural sway during standing in different sensory conditions is associated with aging due to decline in sensory and motor functions. Sway area measured by using sway meter is usually simple method for assessing postural stability in elderly subjects. Like many biological measurements, sway area has an intrinsic variability that affects their test-retest reliability and responsiveness of postural stability assessment. The minimal detectable change (MDC) is ability to detect smallest change beyond measurement error that reflects a reliable change. Therefore, the MDC value could provide information of clinical relevance on postural stability. The aims of this study were to determine test-retest reliability and MDC of sway area obtained from sway meter in elderly subjects. Methods Twelve healthy elderly subjects aged 60 years and above were participated in this study. The test and retest repeatability of postural sway measurements were performed twice with a 1-hour interval. For each subject was assess postural sway using Lord’s sway meter during standing on 4 sensory conditions for 30 seconds of each condition. The test-retest reliability of sway area was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient. The MDC for each sway area was calculated to quantify clinical relevance. Results The test-retest reliability of sway area revealed good to excellent reliability ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC ranged from 75 to 205 mm2 and 209 to 568 mm2, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion Our findings reveal that sway area in different sensory conditions could be used in assessment of postural stability in elderly subjects. SEM and MDC of sway area increased when subjects were asked to close their eyes and on foam surface. The sway meter is a reliable tool for assessing postural stability in clinical setting.

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