Genetic susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia subjects: III. Lack of association of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic involuntary movement disorder occurring after extended antipsychotic use with unclear pathogenesis. CYP2D6 is a liver enzyme involved in antipsychotic metabolism and a well-studied gene candidate for TD. Materials & methods: We tested predicted CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype with TD occurrence and severity in our two samples of European chronic schizophrenia patients (total n = 198, of which 82 had TD). Results: TD occurrence were associated with extreme metabolizer phenotype, controlling for age and sex (p = 0.012). In other words, individuals with either increased and no CYP2D6 activity were at higher risk of having TD. Conclusion: Unlike most previous findings, TD occurrence may be associated with both extremes of CYP2D6 metabolic activity rather than solely for poor metabolizers.

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Genetic susceptibility to Tardive Dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia subjects: V. Association of CYP1A2 1545 C>T polymorphism

The Pharmacogenomics Journal ◽

10.1038/sj.tpj.6500415 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A K Tiwari ◽

S N Deshpande ◽

B Lerer ◽

V L Nimgaonkar ◽

B K Thelma

Keyword(s):

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia

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Genetic susceptibility to Tardive Dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia subjects: Role of oxidative stress pathway genes

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (1-3) ◽

pp. 278-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B.K. Thelma ◽

Arun K. Tiwari ◽

Smita N. Deshpande ◽

Bernard Lerer ◽

Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Oxidative Stress Pathway ◽

Stress Pathway

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Genetic susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia among schizophrenia subjects: IV. Role of dopaminergic pathway gene polymorphisms

Pharmacogenetics and Genomics ◽

10.1097/01.fpc.0000184957.98150.0f ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Vibhuti Srivastava ◽

Panchami G. Varma ◽

Suman Prasad ◽

Prachi Semwal ◽

Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Pathway Gene ◽

Dopaminergic Pathway

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Genetic susceptibility to Tardive Dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia subjects: I. Association of CYP1A2 gene polymorphism

The Pharmacogenomics Journal ◽

10.1038/sj.tpj.6500282 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 60-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

A K Tiwari ◽

S N Deshpande ◽

A R Rao ◽

T Bhatia ◽

S R Mukit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia

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Tardive dyskinesia and DRD3, HTR2A and HTR2C gene polymorphisms in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.01.010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 475-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A.F.Y. Al Hadithy ◽

S.A. Ivanova ◽

P. Pechlivanoglou ◽

A. Semke ◽

O. Fedorenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients

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Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700038496 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 923-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. W. Brown ◽

T. White

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Movement Disorder ◽

Principal Components Analysis ◽

Principal Components ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Clinical Correlates ◽

Facial Movements ◽

Components Analysis

SynopsisSyndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

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Akathisia: Prevalence and Associated Dysphoria in an In-patient Population with Chronic Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.164.2.177 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 164 (2) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Simon M. Halstead ◽

Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽

Jeremy C. Speller

Keyword(s):

Tardive Dyskinesia ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Depot Antipsychotic ◽

Male Patients ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Dysphoric Mood

In a sample of 120 long-stay in-patients who fulfilled DSM–III–R criteria for schizophrenia, chronic akathisia and pseudoakathisia were relatively common, with prevalence figures of 24% and 18%, respectively. Compared with patients without evidence of chronic akathisia, those patients with the condition were significantly younger, were receiving significantly higher doses of antipsychotic medication, and were more likely to be receiving a depot antipsychotic. Patients who experienced the characteristic inner restlessness and compulsion to move of akathisia also reported marked symptoms of dysphoria, namely tension, panic, irritability and impatience. The findings support the suggestion that dysphoric mood is an important feature of akathisia. Male patients appeared to be at an increased risk of pseudoakathisia. No significant relation was found between chronic akathisia and tardive dyskinesia, although there was a trend for trunk and limb dyskinesia to be commonest in patients with chronic akathisia while orofacial dyskinesia was most frequently observed in those with pseudoakathisia. Akathisia may mask the movements of tardive dyskinesia in the lower limb. There was no evidence that akathisia was associated with positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia nor with depression.

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