scholarly journals Liver enzyme CYP2D6 gene and tardive dyskinesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072
Author(s):  
Justin Y Lu ◽  
Arun K Tiwari ◽  
Natalie Freeman ◽  
Gwyneth C Zai ◽  
Vincenzo de Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cyp2d6 Gene ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cyp2d6 Activity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic involuntary movement disorder occurring after extended antipsychotic use with unclear pathogenesis. CYP2D6 is a liver enzyme involved in antipsychotic metabolism and a well-studied gene candidate for TD. Materials & methods: We tested predicted CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype with TD occurrence and severity in our two samples of European chronic schizophrenia patients (total n = 198, of which 82 had TD). Results: TD occurrence were associated with extreme metabolizer phenotype, controlling for age and sex (p = 0.012). In other words, individuals with either increased and no CYP2D6 activity were at higher risk of having TD. Conclusion: Unlike most previous findings, TD occurrence may be associated with both extremes of CYP2D6 metabolic activity rather than solely for poor metabolizers.

Genetic susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia subjects: III. Lack of association of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun K. Tiwari ◽  
Smita N. Deshpande ◽  
A.R. Rao ◽  
Triptish Bhatia ◽  
Bernard Lerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cyp2d6 Gene

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Brown ◽  
T. White
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Components Analysis

SynopsisSyndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

Akathisia: Prevalence and Associated Dysphoria in an In-patient Population with Chronic Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Halstead ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Jeremy C. Speller
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depot Antipsychotic ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Dysphoric Mood

In a sample of 120 long-stay in-patients who fulfilled DSM–III–R criteria for schizophrenia, chronic akathisia and pseudoakathisia were relatively common, with prevalence figures of 24% and 18%, respectively. Compared with patients without evidence of chronic akathisia, those patients with the condition were significantly younger, were receiving significantly higher doses of antipsychotic medication, and were more likely to be receiving a depot antipsychotic. Patients who experienced the characteristic inner restlessness and compulsion to move of akathisia also reported marked symptoms of dysphoria, namely tension, panic, irritability and impatience. The findings support the suggestion that dysphoric mood is an important feature of akathisia. Male patients appeared to be at an increased risk of pseudoakathisia. No significant relation was found between chronic akathisia and tardive dyskinesia, although there was a trend for trunk and limb dyskinesia to be commonest in patients with chronic akathisia while orofacial dyskinesia was most frequently observed in those with pseudoakathisia. Akathisia may mask the movements of tardive dyskinesia in the lower limb. There was no evidence that akathisia was associated with positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia nor with depression.

Evidence for association of the GLI2 gene with tardive dyskinesia in patients with chronic schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 2809-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Greenbaum ◽  
Anna Alkelai ◽  
Amihai Rigbi ◽  
Yoav Kohn ◽  
Bernard Lerer
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia

Temporal Characteristics of Aerodynamic Segments in the Speech of Children and Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac ◽  
Alyssa M. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Older Children ◽  
Total N ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to determine the temporal characteristics of aerodynamic segments in the normal speech of children and adults without cleft palate. A secondary objective was to determine the withinspeaker variability of the segments. Method Speakers consisted of 46 children aged 6 to 8 years, 41 older children aged 11 to 12 years, and 41 adults aged 18 to 37 years (total n = 128) who repeated the word “hamper” during continuous utterances. The pressure-flow method was used to determine the duration of six segments of the oral air pressure and nasal airflow pulses associated with the /mp/ sequence. Descriptive statistics, including coefficients of variation (COV), were computed for each segment as a function of age and sex of the speakers. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were used to determine the effects of age, sex, or both on the temporal variables. Results ANOVAs indicated statistically significant main effects (p < .008) for age on five of the six temporal measures and for sex on three of the six measures. Five of the six COVs were also statistically significant for age. There were no statistically significant interactions between speaker age and sex for any measure. Conclusions The results indicate distinct patterns of timing for aerodynamic segments of speech produced by children and adults. Overall, adults exhibited less temporal variability than children. The generally longer and more variable segments produced by children suggest diagnostic and treatment implications relative to speakers with velopharyngeal dysfunction.

scholarly journals 149 Deutetrabenazine for the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia: Results From an Open-Label, Long-Term Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Karen E. Anderson ◽  
Mat D. Davis ◽  
Stewart A. Factor ◽  
Robert A. Hauser ◽  
L. Fredrik Jarskog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Patient Global Impression ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Global Impression Of Change

AbstractIntroductionTardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from exposure to dopamine-receptor antagonists. In the 12-week ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, deutetrabenazine demonstrated significant improvements in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores at Week 12 compared with placebo, and was generally well tolerated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term deutetrabenazine therapy in patients with TD.MethodsPatients with TD who completed the ARM-TD or AIM-TD studies were eligible to enter this open-label, single-arm, long-term safety study after they completed the 1-week washout period and final evaluation in the blinded portion of the trial. Efficacy endpoints included the change in AIMS score from baseline, and treatment success (defined as “much improved” or “very much improved”) on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). This analysis reports results up to Week 54.Results304 patients enrolled in the extension study. At Week 54, the mean (standard error) change in AIMS score was –5.1 (0.52). After 6 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment, the proportion of patients who achieved treatment success was 58% per the CGIC and 53% per the PGIC, and by Week 54 was 72% per the CGIC and 59% per the PGIC, thus demonstrating maintenance or enhancement of benefit over time. Deutetrabenazine was well tolerated for up to 54 weeks, and compared with the ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, no new safety signals were detected.Conclusions54 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment was generally efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in patients with TD.Presented at: The American Psychiatric Association 2017 Annual Meeting; May 20–24, 2017; San Diego, California, USA.Funding AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.

scholarly journals 116 An Experimental Study to Assess the Professional and Social Consequences of Tardive Dyskinesia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ayyagari ◽  
Debbie Goldschmidt ◽  
Fan Mu ◽  
Stanley N. Caroff ◽  
Benjamin Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:Study Objective:Evaluate the impact of orofacial tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptoms on the professional and social lives of patients with TD.Background:TD, a movement disorder affecting the face and extremities, may arise in patients taking antipsychotics. The impact of social stigma on the professional and social lives of patients with orofacial manifestations of TD has not been thoroughly examined.Methods:This study is an experimental, randomized digital survey of a general population sample. Three component surveys were developed, corresponding to employment, dating, and friendship domains. For each domain, participants were randomized 1:1 into either a test group (who viewed a video of a scripted interview with a standardized patient actor depicting TD movements) or a control group (who viewed the same actors but without TD movements), and asked about their impressions of the video subject. Actor simulations were validated by physicians familiar with TD and rehearsed to simulate a total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score between 6 and 10. Statistical comparison was made using Wilcoxon sign-rank or chi-squared tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.Results:A total of 800 respondents completed each survey. In all domains, respondents had more-negative perceptions of actors portraying TD movements than of the same actors without movements. Regarding employment, 34.8% fewer respondents in the test group versus the control group agreed that the actor would be suitable for client-facing jobs (P<0.001). Regarding dating, the proportions of respondents who agreed that they would like to continue talking to the actor and who would be interested in meeting them for coffee/drink were 25.0% and 27.2% lower, respectively, in the test group than in the control group (P<0.001). Regarding friendship, the proportions of respondents who rated the actor as interesting and who would be interested in friendship with them were 18.8% and 16.5% lower, respectively, in the test group than in the control group (P<0.001).Conclusions:Actors simulating orofacial TD movements were perceived to be statistically significantly less likely to move forward in a job interview, be considered as a potential romantic partner, or be a new friend. This is the first study to quantify the stigma faced by people with TD in a variety of professional and social situations.Funding Acknowledgements:This study was funded by Teva Pharmaceuticals, Petach Tikva, Israel.

scholarly journals Age Differences across Adulthood in Interpretations of Situations and Situation–Behaviour Contingencies for Big Five States

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik E. Noftle ◽  
Charleen J. Gust
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Scant Attention

In the last two decades, a burgeoning literature has begun to clarify the processes underlying personality traits and momentary trait–relevant behaviour. However, such work has almost exclusively investigated these questions in young adults. During the same period, much has been learned about adult personality trait development but with scant attention to the momentary processes that contribute to development. The current work connects these two topics, testing developmental questions about adult age differences and thus examining how age matters to personality processes. The study examines how four important situation characteristics are experienced in everyday life and how situations covary with Big Five trait–relevant behaviour (i.e. situation–behaviour contingencies). Two samples were collected (total N = 316), each assessing three age groups: young, middle–aged, and older adults. Using experience sampling method, participants completed reports four or five times per day across a representative period of daily life. Results suggested age differences in how situations are experienced on average, in the variability around these average situation experiences, and in situation–behaviour contingencies. The results therefore highlight that, across adulthood, age groups experience chronically different situations, differ in how much the situations they experience vary moment to moment, and differ in how much situation experience predicts their enactment of traits. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

Moult, Movements, Age and Sex Composition of Mountain Duck, Tadorna tadornoides, Banded at Lake George, N.S.W

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL McKean ◽  
LW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
New South ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moult Migration ◽  
Lake George ◽  
Age And Sex

Two samples of mountain ducks totalling 1001 birds were trapped and banded at Lake George,N.S.W. A highly significant difference in age structure between the two samples, taken in January 1965 and in February 1970, may be related to major differences in rainfall for the year preceding each sample. The sex ratio was markedly biased in favour of females. Recoveries of birds were nearly all to the south and west and 300-700 km from the banding site. Fully 99 % of recoveries were in States other than New South Wales. Examination of one sample of 679 mountain ducks for moult of primary and secondary wing feathers showed that approximately one-third of the adults were moulting. It was concluded that the birds were possibly normal residents of the region in which most recoveries occurred, and that they make an annual moult migration to Lake George.

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