Chemical fate of persistent organic pollutants in the arctic: Evaluation of simplebox

2020 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 137579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Renske P.J. Hoondert ◽  
Naomi W. Thunnissen ◽  
Dik van de Meent ◽  
A. Jan Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Chemical Fate

Breaking the Wall of Monocentric Governance: Polycentricity in the Governance of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-232
Author(s):  
Tahnee Lisa Prior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Polycentric Governance

Abstract We often mistakenly assume that institutional design will remain effective indefinitely. Complex long-term environmental challenges illuminate the disparity between institutions and state boundaries. While globalization has challenged monocentrism, we must look beyond traditional measures and design resilient governance systems, such as polycentric governance, that combine trust and local expertise in small-scale governance with the governance capacity of large-scale systems. These harness globalization’s benefits and provide solutions for the effects of ecosystem changes. This work examines the lessons – benefits, challenges, limitations, and unanswered questions – that may be learned from polycentric governance in the case of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic, where a polycentric political system has developed as a result of a mismatch in environmental, jurisdictional, and temporal scales. Section One examines characteristics of polycentricity, focusing on actors, multilevel governance, degree of formality, and the nature of interactions. Section Two concentrates on the tools utilized. Section Three applies the outlined framework. Finally, Section Four examines three lessons that global environmental governance may learn from the case study: (1) Peak organizations are effective tools for managing polycentricity, allowing for the inclusion of non-state actors, such as indigenous peoples organizations (2) and epistemic communities (3), in bridging the human-environment nexus.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of climate change on the atmospheric transport and the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 6549-6559 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hansen ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
C. Geels ◽  
J. D. Silver ◽  
J. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Environmental Concentrations ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) was applied to investigate how projected climate changes will affect the atmospheric transport of 13 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Arctic and their environmental fate within the Arctic. Three sets of simulations were performed, one with present day emissions and initial environmental concentrations from a 20-year spin-up simulation, one with present day emissions and with initial environmental concentrations set to zero and one without emissions but with initial environmental concentrations from the 20-year spin-up simulation. Each set of simulations consisted of two 10-year time slices representing the present (1990–2000) and future (2090–2100) climate conditions. DEHM was driven using meteorological input from the global circulation model, ECHAM/MPI-OM, simulating the SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) A1B climate scenario. Under the applied climate and emission scenarios, the total mass of all compounds was predicted to be up to 55 % lower across the Northern Hemisphere at the end of the 2090s than in the 1990s. The mass of HCHs within the Arctic was predicted to be up to 38 % higher, whereas the change in mass of the PCBs was predicted to range from 38 % lower to 17 % higher depending on the congener and the applied initial environmental concentrations. The results of this study also indicate that contaminants with no or a short emission history will be more rapidly transported to and build up in the arctic environment in a future warmer climate. The process that dominates the environmental behaviour of POPs in the Arctic under a future warmer climate scenario is the shift in mass of POPs from the surface media to the atmosphere induced by the higher mean temperature. This is to some degree counteracted by higher degradation rates also following the higher mean temperature. The more dominant of these two processes depends on the physical-chemical properties of the compounds. Previous model studies have predicted that the effect of a changed climate on the transport of POPs to the Arctic is moderate relative to the effect of proposed changes in emissions, which is confirmed in this study. However, the model studies do not agree on whether climate change acts to reduce or increase environmental concentrations of POPs in the Arctic, and further work is needed to resolve this matter.

scholarly journals The oceanic biological pump modulates the atmospheric transport of persistent organic pollutants to the Arctic

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón ◽  
Naiara Berrojalbiz ◽  
María-José Ojeda ◽  
Jordi Dachs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Biological Pump

scholarly journals Time Trend of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals in Greenlandic Inuit during 1994–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Manhai Long ◽  
Maria Wielsøe ◽  
Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Marine Food

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organchlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and heavy metals bioaccumulate in the marine food chain in the Arctic regions, and thus, the Greenlandic population has a higher body burden due to relatively high intake of marine mammals. We assessed the temporal trend for POPs, including PCB 153; 1,1-dichloro−2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p’-DDE); oxychlordane; six PFASs; mercury; lead and selenium in Inuit from Ilulissat, Nuuk, and across Greenland (including thirteen towns/districts), from 1994 to 2015. Data showed a significant annual decrease of 6.85–8.61% for PCB153, 6.67–8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 6.11–9.52% for oxychlordane, 5.92–6.76% for mercury and 6.48–9.43% for lead in Inuit women from Nuuk, Ilulissat, and across thirteen Greenlandic districts. The blood selenium level of all Greenlandic women increased 1.01% annually, while the trend direction was negative for Nuuk women. A similar pattern was seen for men across Greenland, with a yearly decrease of 11.3% for PCB 153, 8.61% for p,p’-DDE, 15.6% for oxychlordane, 13.1% for mercury and 12.2% for lead. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid significantly decreased 5.82–11.7% annually for both women and men across Greenland. For perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluoroundecanoic acid, we observed an increasing trend for women across Greenland. In conclusion, there was a decreasing trend of the regulated POPs and metals but a potential increasing trend of the nonregulated PFASs in the Greenlandic population between 1994 and 2015. The continuing biomonitoring of contaminants of concern is important to protect the Arctic population heath.

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