Rock Glacier Inventory, Permafrost Probability Distribution Modeling and Associated Hazards in the Hunza River Basin, Western Karakoram, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 146833
Author(s):  
Javed Hassan ◽  
Xiaoqing CHEN ◽  
Sher Muhammad ◽  
Nazir Ahmed Bazai
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Distribution Modeling ◽  
Hunza River

scholarly journals Status of Major Glaciers of Hunza River Basin, Under Changing Climatic Conditions of Pakistan Over the Period of (1990-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Garee Khan ◽  
Wajid Hassan ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Iram Bano
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Hunza River

Abstract Ice masses and snow of Hunza River Basin (HRB) are an important primary source of fresh water and lifeline for downstream inhabitants. Changing climatic conditions seriously put an impact on these available ice and snow masses. These glaciers may affect downstream population by glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) and surge events due to climatic variation. So, monitoring of these glaciers and available ice masses are important. This research delivers an approach for selected glaciers of the Hunza river basin. An attempt is made in this study using Landsat (OLI, ETM, ETM+, TM), digital elevation model (DEM), Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques (RS&GIS) techniques. We delineated 27 glaciers within HRB from the period of 1990-2018. These glaciers' total area is about 2589.75 ±86km 2 in 1990 and about 2565.12 ±68km 2 in 2018. Our results revealed that from 2009 to 2015, glacier coverage of HRB advanced with a mean annual advance rate of 2.22±0.1 km 2 a -1 . Conversely, from 1994 to 1999, the strongest reduction in glacier area with a mean rate of - 3.126±0.3km 2 a -1 is recorded. The glaciers of HRB are relatively stable compared to Hindukush, Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (TP) region of the world. The steep slope glacier's retreat rate is more than that of gentle slope glaciers, and the glaciers below elevation of 5000 m above sea level change significantly. Based on climate data from 1995-2018, HRB shows a decreasing trend in temperature and increasing precipitation. The glacier area's overall retreat is due to an increase in summer temperature while the glacier advancement is induced possibly by winter and autumn precipitation.

scholarly journals Estimating the characteristics of runoff inflow into Lake Gojal in ungauged, highly glacierized upper Hunza River Basin, Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Zhang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Junli Xu ◽  
Qiudong Zhao ◽  
Stefan Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hunza River

ALOS-derived glacier and rock glacier inventory of the Volcán Domuyo region (~36° S), southernmost Central Andes, Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Falaschi ◽  
Mariano Masiokas ◽  
Takeo Tadono ◽  
Fleur Couvreux
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Glacier Inventory

scholarly journals Flood Frequency Analysis at the Downstream of Sg. Perak River Basin using Annual Maximum Flow Discharge Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Snu ◽  
Sidek L.M ◽  
Haron Sh ◽  
Noh Ns.M ◽  
Basri H ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Flow Discharge

The recent flood event occurred in 2014 had caused disaster in Perak and Sungai Perak is the main river of Perak which is a major natural drainage system within the state. The aim of this paper is to determine the expected discharge to return period downstream for Sg. Perak River Basin in Perak by using annual maximum flow data. Flood frequency analysis is a technique to assume the flow values corresponding to specific return periods or probabilities along the river at a different site. The method involves the observed annual maximum flow discharge data to calculate statistical information such as standard deviations, mean, sum, skewness and recurrence intervals. The flood frequency analysis for Sg. Perak River Basin was used Log Pearson Type-III probability distribution method. The annual maximum peak flow series data varying over period 1961 to 2016. The probability distribution function was applied to return periods (T) where T values are 2years, 5years, 10years, 25years, 50years, and 100years generally used in flood forecasting. Flood frequency curves are plotted after the choosing the best fits probability distribution for annual peak maximum data. The results for flood frequency analysis shows that Sg. Perak at Jambatan Iskandar much higher inflow discharge  which is 3714.45m3/s at the 100years return period compare to Sg. Plus at Kg Lintang and Sg. Kinta at Weir G. With this, the 100years peak flow at Sg Perak river mouth is estimated to be in the range of 4,000 m3/s. Overall, the analysis relates the expected flow discharge to return period for all tributaries of Sg. Perak River Basin.

Land use spatial distribution modeling based on CLUE-S model in the Huangshui River Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
冯仕超 FENG Shichao ◽  
高小红 GAO Xiaohong ◽  
顾娟 GU Juan ◽  
亢健 KANG Jian ◽  
郭丽峰 GUO Lifeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Distribution Modeling ◽  
S Model

Using InSAR to asses rock glacier movement in the Uinta Mountains, Utah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Brencher ◽  
Alexander Handwerger ◽  
Jeffrey Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Alpine Hydrology ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Rock glaciers are perennially frozen bodies of ice and rock debris that move downslope primarily due to deformation of internal ice. These features play an important role in alpine hydrology and landscape evolution, and constitute a significant water resource in arid regions. In the Uinta Mountains, Utah, nearly 400 rock glaciers have been identified on the basis of morphology, but the presence of ice has been investigated in only two. Here, I use satellite-based interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites to identify and monitor active rock glaciers over a 10,000 km<sup>2 </sup>area. I also compare the time-dependent motion of several individual rock glaciers over the summers of 2016-2019 to search for relationships with climatic drivers such as precipitation and temperature. Sentinel-1 data from the August-October of 2016-2019 are used to create 79 interferograms of the entire Uinta range and are processed with the NASA/JPL/Stanford InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) software package. Temporal baselines of intrayear interferograms range from 6-72 days. We use average velocity maps to generate an active rock glacier inventory for the Uinta Mountains containing 196 active rock glaciers. Average rock glacier velocity is 3 cm/yr in the line-of-sight direction, but individual rock glaciers have velocities ranging from 0.3-15 cm/yr. Rock glacier speeds do have a seasonal component, and were fastest in August across all years. One rock glacier reached a speed of 40 cm/yr over a 12 day interval from August 5 to August 17 of 2017. Preliminary results suggest that active rock glaciers are found at altitudes 10 m higher on average than inactive and relic rock glaciers identified in the previous inventory. Rock glacier movement did not accelerate between 2016 and 2019, suggesting that rock glaciers in this part of the Rocky Mountains are not speeding up over time. Our results highlight the ability to use satellite InSAR to monitor rock glaciers over large areas and provide insight into the factors that control their kinematics.</p>

scholarly journals SOIL EROSION BY MELTWATER IN THE BASIN OF BASANDAYKA RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petrov ◽  
◽  
E.A. Kirichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Range Of Values

Based on data from annual field measurement from 1988 to 2019 in the Basandaika river basin, estimation of the parameters of the probability distribution curves for annual excess of the module of soil erosion by meltwater, the values of soil erosion. The long-term range of values of the module of soil erosion range from 4,0 to 9,4 m3/ha, the Cv (coefficient of variation) is 0,75–1,0, the Cs/Cv is between 2,0 and 5,0.

scholarly journals Risks of Glaciers Lakes Outburst Flood along China Pakistan Economic Corridor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saifullah ◽  
Shiyin Liu ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Hunza River

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through the Hunza River basin of Pakistan. The current study investigates the creation and effects of end moraine, supra-glacial, and barrier lakes by field visits and remote sensing techniques along the CPEC in the Hunza River basin. The surging and moraine type glaciers are considered the most dangerous type of glaciers that cause Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the study basin. It can be concluded from the 40 years observations of Karakoram glaciers that surge-type and non-surge-type glaciers are not significantly different with respect to mass change. The recurrent surging of Khurdopin Glacier resulted in the creation of Khurdopin Glacial Lake in the Shimshal valley of the Hunza River basin. Such glacial lakes offer main sources of freshwater; however, when their dams are suddenly breached and water drained, catastrophic GLOFs appear and pose a great threat to people and infrastructure in downstream areas. This situation calls for an in-depth study on GLOF risks along the CPEC route and incorporation of GLOF for future policy formulation in the country for the CPEC project so that the government may take serious action for prevention, response to GLOFs, and rehabilitation and reconstruction of the areas.

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