The role of nitrification inhibitors on the removal of antibiotics in livestock wastewater by aerobic biodegradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 150309
Author(s):  
Linyan Yang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xueming Chen ◽  
Shujuan Meng ◽  
Yingqi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Livestock Wastewater

scholarly journals Effect of additional carbon source on biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by las-utilizing bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Kehinde I. Temitope Eniola
Keyword(s):  
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Surfactant Biodegradation

Aerobic biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) by LAS-utilizing bacteria (LUB) in the presence of other sources of carbon (glucose and soluble starch) was examined. Biodegradation of LAS was monitored as primary degradation in terms of half-life (t½) of the surfactant. Biodegradation of LAS by the individual LUB was slower in the presence of Glucose. Biodegradation of the surfactant by the various consortia of LUB was slower in the presence of the carbon sources: t½ increased to 3 days. The rates of biodegradation by the consortia can be ranked as: four-membered (t½=9 days) > three-membered (t½=9 to 13 days) > two-membered consortia (t½=10 to 15 days). Generally, degradation in the presence of the carbon sources was faster with the consortia than the individual species. Degradation of the surfactant by the LUB was generally fastest in the absence of additional carbon sources. The possible role of additional carbon sources in persistence of surfactant in water bodies and the application of the observation in management of LAS-containing-effluent is suggested.

scholarly journals Role of Design and Operational Factors in the Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Constructed Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ilyas ◽  
Eric van Hullebusch
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Operational Factors

This study evaluates the role of design, operational, and physicochemical parameters of constructed wetlands (CWs) in the removal of pharmaceuticals (PhCs). The correlation analysis demonstrates that the performance of CWs is governed by several design and operational factors (area, depth, hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, and hydraulic retention time), and physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH); the removal efficiency of about 50% of the examined PhCs showed a significant correlation with two or more factors. Plants contributed significantly in the removal of some of the PhCs by direct uptake and by enhancing the process of aerobic biodegradation. The use of substrate material of high adsorption capacity, rich in organic matter, and with high surface area enhanced the removal of PhCs by adsorption/sorption processes, which are the major removal mechanisms of some PhCs (codeine, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, carbamazepine, and atenolol) in CWs. Although the removal of almost all of the studied PhCs showed seasonal differences, statistical significance was established in the removal of naproxen, salicylic acid, caffeine, and sulfadiazine. The effective PhCs removal requires the integrated design of CWs ensuring the occurrence of biodegradation along with other processes, as well as enabling optimal values of design and operational factors, and physicochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Intensive Rain Hampers the Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibition in Controlling N2O Emissions from Dairy Slurry-Fertilized Soils

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
Merrit Shanskiy ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Alar Astover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Denitrifier Communities ◽  
Closed Chamber Method

Nitrification inhibitors have been proposed as a tool to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture, which are caused mainly by fertilization. The nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was tested in a winter rapeseed field after dairy slurry application in Central Estonia. N2O emissions were monitored using the closed chamber method. Soil and leachate chemical parameters were also analyzed. N2O emissions increased from pre-slurry application values of 316 and 264 µg m−2 h−1 for the control and treatment plot, respectively, to maximum values of 3130.71 and 4834 µg m−2 h−1, with cumulative emissions during the study period of 12.30 kg ha−1 for the control plot and 17.70 kg ha−1 for the treatment plot. The intense precipitation period that began with the application of the slurry resulted in changes in soil moisture and water-filled pore space (WFPS), modifying the nitrification/denitrification balance. Positive significant correlations (p = 0.016 and p = 0.037, for the control and treatment plot, respectively) were found between N2O fluxes and WFPS. Future studies should consider the role of nitrifier and denitrifier communities in order to better assess in-field nitrification inhibitor effectiveness.

Prospects of improving efficiency of fertiliser nitrogen in Australian agriculture: a review of enhanced efficiency fertilisers

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chen ◽  
H. Suter ◽  
A. Islam ◽  
R. Edis ◽  
J. R. Freney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Fertiliser nitrogen use in Australia has increased from 35 Gg N in 1961 to 972 Gg N in 2002, and most of the nitrogen is used for growing cereals. However, the nitrogen is not used efficiently, and wheat plants, for example, assimilated only 41% of the nitrogen applied. This review confirms that the efficiency of fertiliser nitrogen can be improved through management practices which increase the crop’s ability to compete with loss processes. However, the results of the review suggest that management practices alone will not prevent all losses (e.g. by denitrification), and it may be necessary to use enhanced efficiency fertilisers, such as controlled release products, and urease and nitrification inhibitors, to obtain a marked improvement in efficiency. Some of these products (e.g. nitrification inhibitors) when used in Australian agriculture have increased yield or reduced nitrogen loss in irrigated wheat, maize and cotton, and flooded rice, but most of the information concerning the use of enhanced efficiency fertilisers to reduce nitrogen loss to the environment has come from other countries. The potential role of enhanced efficiency fertilisers to increase yield in the various agricultural industries and prevent contamination of the environment in Australia is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Dehalogenases in Aerobic Bacterial Degradation of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Hanhong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds

This review was conducted to provide an overview of dehalogenases involved in aerobic biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Additionally, biochemical and molecular characterization of hydrolytic, reductive, and oxygenolytic dehalogenases was reviewed. This review will increase our understanding of the process of dehalogenation of chlorinated aromatic compounds.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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