Prospects of improving efficiency of fertiliser nitrogen in Australian agriculture: a review of enhanced efficiency fertilisers

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chen ◽  
H. Suter ◽  
A. Islam ◽  
R. Edis ◽  
J. R. Freney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Fertiliser nitrogen use in Australia has increased from 35 Gg N in 1961 to 972 Gg N in 2002, and most of the nitrogen is used for growing cereals. However, the nitrogen is not used efficiently, and wheat plants, for example, assimilated only 41% of the nitrogen applied. This review confirms that the efficiency of fertiliser nitrogen can be improved through management practices which increase the crop’s ability to compete with loss processes. However, the results of the review suggest that management practices alone will not prevent all losses (e.g. by denitrification), and it may be necessary to use enhanced efficiency fertilisers, such as controlled release products, and urease and nitrification inhibitors, to obtain a marked improvement in efficiency. Some of these products (e.g. nitrification inhibitors) when used in Australian agriculture have increased yield or reduced nitrogen loss in irrigated wheat, maize and cotton, and flooded rice, but most of the information concerning the use of enhanced efficiency fertilisers to reduce nitrogen loss to the environment has come from other countries. The potential role of enhanced efficiency fertilisers to increase yield in the various agricultural industries and prevent contamination of the environment in Australia is discussed.

Use of urease, algal inhibitors, and nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrogen loss and increase the grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
P. Chaiwanakupt ◽  
J. R. Freney ◽  
D. G. Keerthisinghe ◽  
S. Phongpan ◽  
R. L. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Flooded Rice

Agronomic and physiological aspects of nitrogen use efficiency in conventional and organic cereal-based production systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kubota ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Sylvie Quideau ◽  
Miles Dyck ◽  
Dean Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Systems

AbstractBetter management of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in conventional agricultural systems laid the foundation for feeding the increasing world's population since the Green Revolution. However, excessive reliance on inorganic fertilizer has resulted in environmental degradation issues. Difficulties in soil nutrition management in organic cropping systems often results in lower and variable yields, also raising questions of sustainability. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is thus of key importance to overcome environmental concerns in conventional systems and production limitations in organic systems. The differences in the two farming systems have impacts on crop traits and N cycles, making it difficult to enhance NUE with a single strategy. Different approaches need to be adopted to improve NUE in each system. Extensive efforts have been made to better understand mechanisms to potentially improve NUE in cereal crops under both systems. This review suggests that NUE may be improved through a combination of management practices and breeding strategies specific to the management system. Diversified crop rotations with legumes are effective practices to optimize the N cycle in both conventional and organic systems. Best Management Practices coupled with nitrification inhibitors, controlled release products and split-application practices can reduce N loss in conventional systems. In organic systems, we need to take advantage of available N sources and adapt practices such as no-tillage, cover crops, and catch crops. Utilization of beneficial soil microorganisms is fundamental to optimizing availability of soil N. Estimation of soil organic matter mineralization using prediction models may be useful to enhance NUE if models are calibrated for target environments. Cereal crops are often bred under optimum N conditions and may not perform well under low N conditions. Thus, breeders can integrate genetic and phenotypic information to develop cultivars adapted to specific environments and cultivation practices. The proper choice and integration of strategies can synchronize N demand and supply within a system, resulting in reduced risk of N loss while improving NUE in both conventional and organic systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Sand and Sawdust Bedding Materials on the Fecal Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. LeJeune ◽  
Michael D. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Sand Bedding

ABSTRACT Farm management practices that reduce the prevalence of food-borne pathogens in live animals are predicted to enhance food safety. To ascertain the potential role of livestock bedding in the ecology and epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on farms, the survival of this pathogen in used-sand and used-sawdust dairy cow bedding was determined. Additionally, a longitudinal study of mature dairy cattle housed on 20 commercial dairy farms was conducted to compare the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle bedded on sand to that in cattle bedded on sawdust. E. coli O157:H7 persisted at higher concentrations in used-sawdust bedding than in used-sand bedding. The overall average herd level prevalence (3.1 versus 1.4%) and the number of sample days yielding any tests of feces positive for E. coli O157:H7 (22 of 60 days versus 13 of 60 days) were higher in sawdust-bedded herds. The choice of bedding material used to house mature dairy cows may impact the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Invited Review: Effects of colostrum management on transfer of passive immunity and the potential role of colostral bioactive components on neonatal calf development and metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Fischer-Tlustos ◽  
Alberto Jose Lopez Cabus ◽  
Koryn S. Hare ◽  
Katie Wood ◽  
Mike Steele
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beef Calves

Neonatal dairy and beef calves are required to ingest adequate volumes of high-quality colostrum during their first hours of life to acquire transfer of passive immunity. As such, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has largely been the focus of colostrum research over recent decades. Yet, little is known about the additional bioactive compounds in colostrum that potentially influence newborn calf development and metabolism. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize research regarding the effects of colostrum management practices on transfer of passive immunity, as well as to address the potential role of additional colostral bioactive molecules, including oligosaccharides, fatty acids, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I, in promoting calf development and metabolism. Due to the importance of IgG in ensuring calf immunity and health, we review past research describing the process of colostrogenesis and dam factors influencing the concentrations of IgG in an effort to maximize transfer of passive immunity. We also address the transfer of additional bioactive compounds in colostrum and prepartum management and dam factors that influence their concentrations. Finally, we highlight key areas of future research for the scientific community to pursue to ultimately improve the health and welfare of neonatal dairy calves.

scholarly journals A novel amended nitrification inhibitor confers an enhanced suppression role in the nitrification of ammonium in soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Guo ◽  
Hongmei Wang ◽  
Dianbo Zou ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Xiaori Han
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Purpose Nitrification inhibitor plays an important regulatory role in inhibiting the nitrification of ammonium in soils. However, most of nitrification inhibitors lack the sustainable effects in suppressing the nitrification of ammonium. In this study, a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor was prepared and tested to explore its lasting effect of nitrification suppression in black soil. Materials and methods Both culture experiments and field trial were performed in black soils. Three kinds of nitrification inhibitors (NIs), dicyandiamide (DCD) with low bioactivity, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with high bioactivity, and a novel 3,4-dimethylpyrazole sulfate zinc (DMS) with long half-life, were applied into soils, respectively, and the abundance changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated; then, the accumulation changes of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency, and crop yields were furtherly evaluated. Results and discussions A novel DMS nitrification inhibitor with high activity and long half-life maintained a persistent effect of nitrification suppression, and remarkably increased the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in soil, thus improving nitrogen use efficiency and crop yields. This study implies that lowering the nitrogen loss of nitrification-triggered in soil is of great importance for improving nitrogen use efficiency. Conclusions This study provided an insight into the sustainable nitrification suppression of a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor under excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in black soils. Compared with improving the activity, reasonably prolonging the validity of nitrification inhibitors in soil is a more important strategy increasing the sustainable effects of nitrification inhibition, and the survival period of nitrification inhibitors in soil should be a crucial factor improving nitrogen use efficiency.

Use of urease, algal inhibitors, and nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrogen loss and increase the grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chaiwanakupt ◽  
J. R. Freney ◽  
D. G. Keerthisinghe ◽  
S. Phongpan ◽  
R. L. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Flooded Rice

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document