Effect of solution composition on seeded precipitation of calcium for high recovery RO of magnesium-bearing wastewater, surface water or groundwater

The course of enamel remineralization in aqueous solution is markedly dependent upon factors such as ionic medium supersaturation, pH, ionic strength, and the relative concentration of mineralizing surface. Although numerous attempts have been made to determine the mechanism of both the spontaneous and seeded precipitation reactions, it is only recently, through the use of a constant solution composition technique, that quantitative information can be obtained concerning the intermediate calcium phosphate phases which are formed during mineralization. Studies of surface phases in the presence of potential anti-calculus and anti-caries agents are facilitated using this approach.

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Evaluation of chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation of RO concentrate for high recovery desalting of high salinity brackish water

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2013.01.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 317 ◽

pp. 116-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Brian C. McCool ◽

Anditya Rahardianto ◽

Jose I. Faria ◽

Yoram Cohen

Keyword(s):

Brackish Water ◽

High Salinity ◽

High Recovery ◽

Seeded Precipitation ◽

Ro Concentrate

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Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071508 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

John M. Wehrung ◽

Richard J. Harniman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Surface Water ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Organic Debris ◽

Rock Formations ◽

Water Tables ◽

Permeable Rock ◽

Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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