Nanoparticles breakthroughs tumor treatment limitations by regulating tumor immune microenvironment to enhance tumor immunotherapy efficacy

Abstract Immunotherapy is currently the most advanced anti-tumor treatment approach. The efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment, including immune cells, infiltration of immune factors, and expression of immune checkpoints. At present, the biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of colon cancer immunotherapy do not cover all colon cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy. In this study, TCGA database was used to identify tumor genotypes suitable for anti-tumor immunotherapy. We found that some of the MSS/pMMR populations, that were initially considered unsuitable for immunotherapy, might actually be suitable. In APC-wt/MSS colon cancer, the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 and CYT（GZMA and PRF1）were increased. Based on calculations done by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, the ImmunoScore and the proportion of CT8+ T cell infiltration is increased in these patients. Enrichment analysis was done to screen signaling pathways involved in immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Tumors from 42 colon cancer patients, including 22 APC-mt/MSS and 20 APC-wt/MSS, were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of CD8 and PD-L1. And APC-wt/MSS tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD8 and PD-L1 than APC-mt/MSS tumor. Based on the results, we found that some colon cancers of APC-wt/MSS are classified by Tumor Immune Microenvironment types (TIMTs) TMIT I. So that we speculate that APC-wt/MSS colon cancer patients could benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapy.

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Bioinspired Membrane-Coated Nanoplatform for Targeted Tumor Immunotherapy

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.819817 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Mu ◽

Pan He ◽

Yesi Shi ◽

Lai Jiang ◽

Gang Liu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Tumor Targeting ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Tumor Immunotherapy ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Research Directions ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽

New Research

Immunotherapy can effectively activate the immune system and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment, which has been an alternative method in cancer therapy besides surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the current clinical outcomes are not satisfied due to the lack of targeting of the treatment with some unexpected damages to the human body. Recently, cell membrane-based bioinspired nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy have attracted much attention because of their superior immune regulating, drug delivery, excellent tumor targeting, and biocompatibility. Together, the article reviews the recent progress of cell membrane-based bioinspired nanoparticles for immunotherapy in cancer treatment. We also evaluate the prospect of bioinspired nanoparticles in immunotherapy for cancer. This strategy may open up new research directions for cancer therapy.

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Temperature Plays an Essential Regulatory Role in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2021.3030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 169-195

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Youpeng Wang ◽

Ziyin Zhao ◽

Bing Han ◽

Jinbo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Whole Body ◽

Significant Variable ◽

Tumor Treatment ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Treatment Standards ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽

Long Time ◽

Multiple Levels

In recent years, emerging immunotherapy has been included in various malignant tumor treatment standards. Temperature has been considered to affect different pathophysiological reactions such as inflammation and cancer for a long time. However, in tumor immunology research, temperature is still rarely considered a significant variable. In this review, we discuss the effects of room temperature, body temperature, and the local tumor temperature on the tumor immune microenvironment from multiple levels and perspectives, and we discuss changes in the body’s local and whole-body temperature under tumor conditions. We analyze the current use of ablation treatment—the reason for the opposite immune effect. We should pay more attention to the therapeutic potential of temperature and create a better antitumor microenvironment that can be combined with immunotherapy.

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Alteration in the Immune Microenvironment Based on APC Status in MSS/pMMR Colon Cancer Data Retrieved from TCGA

10.21203/rs.3.rs-139590/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haishan Lin ◽

Nina Ma ◽

Hongchao Zhen ◽

Kun Shang ◽

Xiaoting Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Tumor Immunotherapy ◽

Immune Checkpoints ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Colon Cancers ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Abstract BackgroundImmunotherapy is currently the most advanced anti-tumor treatment approach. The efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment, including immune cells, infiltration of immune factors, and expression of immune checkpoints. At present, the biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of colon cancer immunotherapy do not cover all colon cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy. In this study, TCGA database was used to identify tumor genotypes suitable for anti-tumor immunotherapy. MethodsWe downloaded 390 samples with RNA-sequencing data and somatic mutation status data from TCGA. We applied the ESTIMATE, Package limma, the CIBERSORT and some other algorithms to analyze the cellular immune microenvironment. And validated with immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of colon cancer patients. ResultsWe found that some of the MSS/pMMR populations, that were initially considered unsuitable for immunotherapy, might actually be suitable. In APC-wt/MSS colon cancer, the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 and CYT（GZMA and PRF1）were increased. Based on calculations done by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, the ImmunoScore and the proportion of CT8+ T cell infiltration is increased in these patients. Enrichment analysis was done to screen signaling pathways involved in immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Tumors from 42 colon cancer patients, including 22 APC-mt/MSS and 20 APC-wt/MSS, were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of CD8 and PD-L1. And APC-wt/MSS tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD8 and PD-L1 than APC-mt/MSS tumor. ConclusionsBased on the results, we found that some colon cancers of APC-wt/MSS are classified by Tumor Immune Microenvironment types (TIMTs) TMIT I. So that we speculate that APC-wt/MSS colon cancer patients could benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapy.

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Role of the tumor immune microenvironment in tumor immunotherapy (Review)

Oncology Letters ◽

10.3892/ol.2021.13171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Changsheng Zhou ◽

Qianqian Liu ◽

Yi Xiang ◽

Xin Gou ◽

Wengang Li

Keyword(s):

Tumor Immunotherapy ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment

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NIR-active Nanoterminator with Mature Dendritic Cell Acitivities for Immuno-Priming Mild Photothermal Cancer Therapy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12546698 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

zhihong sun ◽

Guanjun Deng ◽

Xinghua Peng ◽

Xiuli Xu ◽

Lanlan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mature Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Mild Temperature ◽

Broad Interest

Recently, photothermal-immuno synergistic therapy under mild temperature (~ 45 °C) has got broad interest in cancer treatment. Inhibition the intratumorally HSPs production is the key to accomplish highly efficient and mild photothermal therapy. In this work, we developed biomimetic nanoterminators with mature DCs functions by coating the mature dendritic cell membrane on photothermal nanoagents. As-prepared nanoterminators could automatically locate on T cell in the complex tumor-immune microenvironment and promote the T cells proliferation, activation and cytokine secretion, which could not only inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins to cooperate on highly efficient mild photothermal therapy (~42°C), but also promote tumor apoptosis during the treatment. More importantly, this nanoterminator could serve as vaccine to trigger anti-tumor immune response of the whole body, which would be promising to long-life tumor inhibition and termination.

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