Capturing modelled and perceived spatial access to ambulatory health care services in rural and urban areas in Germany

The aim of the study: to evaluate multi-morbidity dynamics, and needs of out-patient health care services in rural and urban areas in Klaipeda region during years 2009-2011.An observational retrospective study was performed using non-personalized population data from the Klaipeda TerritorialSickness Fund database. The research population included approximately 410 000 patients, enlisted to 44 primary health care institutions in Klaipeda region during the years 2009-2011. Johns Hopkins ACG system was used to group the population into six Resource Utilization Bands (RUB) which range from non-users (RUB 0) to a very high co-morbidity group (RUB 5). The study revealed that during the investigation period (2009-2011) prevalence of multi-morbidity (RUB 5) increased from 9.5/1000 to 9.6/1000 patients (statistically insignificant). In year 2009 and 2010 more multi-morbid patients were in urban population (p<0.05), but the trend of multi-morbidity prevalence in rural and urban populations was statistically insignificant. Patients from urban areas used more specialist (secondary and tertiary health care) services when compared with rural population.

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MULTI - DIMENSIONAL ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN HOSPITAL: A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ◽

10.31069/japsr.v1i3.13585 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 5-7

Author(s):

Singh S ◽

Virmani T ◽

Virmani R ◽

Geeta . ◽

Gupta J

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Drug Product ◽

Hospital Pharmacist ◽

Therapeutic Monitoring ◽

Direct Patient Care ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

The objective of this study was to point out multi-dimensional role of a pharmacist with a special emphasis on the hospital pharmacist. Apharmacist is a person who is involved in designing, creating or manufacturing of a drug product, dispensing of a drug, managing and planning ofa pharmaceutical care. They are experts on the action and uses of drugs, including their chemistry, pharmacology and formulation. Theprofessional life of a hospital pharmacist might seem insignificant as compared to that of doctors, but actually they are highly trained healthprofessionals who plays important role in patient safety, patient compliance, therapeutic monitoring and even in direct patient care. With thepassage of time and advancements in health care services and pharmaceuticals, the role of a hospital pharmacist has become more diversified. Toa career, a hospital pharmacist must possess a diploma/degree in pharmacy from an accredited pharmacy college and must be registered with thestate pharmacy council of their respective region. In this study, we have assessed the behavior, communication skills, qualifications of thepharmacist, prescription handling ability and other factors to evaluate the diversified role of hospital pharmacist and their comparison withpharmacists practicing in rural and urban areas. Current surveys show that the pharmacists are not practicing as per the standard due to lack ofproper guidelines and watch over their practicing sense. The rules and guidelines prescribed by the Food and drug administration (FDA) andIndian pharmacopeia commission (IPC) were not followed by the pharmacist.

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Rural and urban general practice: a comparison in 34 countries

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

P Groenewegen ◽

M Bosmans ◽

W Boerma

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Care Services ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Care Practices ◽

Primary Care Practices

Abstract Background Rural areas have problems in attracting and retaining primary care workforce. Comparable problems but with a different background occur in deprived urban areas. Here we focus on primary care practices that do work in rural areas and not on the shortage or lack of access for the rural population. We answer the question whether these practices have a different organisation, lack resources and have different service profiles, compared to practices in semi-rural and urban areas. Methods We used data from the QUALICOPC study, conducted among approximately 7,000 GPs in 34 (mainly European) countries, on the organisation of practices, their human resources and equipment and their service profiles. Data were analysed using multilevel regression analysis, with countries and GPs as levels. Results In general the practices in rural areas are more often single-handed and have less other primary care workers available. In most countries they have more equipment and their service profiles are broader, in particular as compared to inner-city urban practices. Conclusions The combination of increasing demand for care and undersupply of health care services can lead to a primary care shortage in rural areas. However, the practices that are currently located in rural area in most countries seem to be able to cope with the situation by providing a broader range of services, compared to service-rich urban areas. Against growing health needs of an ageing and often poorer population, there is a risk of lack of facilities and equipment and ageing staff. Until now this is not manifest in the primary care practices in most countries.

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