The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and rock phosphate amendment influence plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of Acacia holosericea

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1460-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Duponnois ◽  
Aline Colombet ◽  
Victor Hien ◽  
Jean Thioulouse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Acacia Holosericea ◽  
Phosphate Amendment

scholarly journals Genetic Exchange in an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Results in Increased Rice Growth and Altered Mycorrhiza-Specific Gene Transcription

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6510-6515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Colard ◽  
Caroline Angelard ◽  
Ian R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Growth

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts with most terrestrial plants. They improve plant nutrition, particularly phosphate acquisition, and thus are able to improve plant growth. In exchange, the fungi obtain photosynthetically fixed carbon. AMF are coenocytic, meaning that many nuclei coexist in a common cytoplasm. Genetic exchange recently has been demonstrated in the AMFGlomus intraradices, allowing nuclei of differentGlomus intraradicesstrains to mix. Such genetic exchange was shown previously to have negative effects on plant growth and to alter fungal colonization. However, no attempt was made to detect whether genetic exchange in AMF can alter plant gene expression and if this effect was time dependent. Here, we show that genetic exchange in AMF also can be beneficial for rice growth, and that symbiosis-specific gene transcription is altered by genetic exchange. Moreover, our results show that genetic exchange can change the dynamics of the colonization of the fungus in the plant. Our results demonstrate that the simple manipulation of the genetics of AMF can have important consequences for their symbiotic effects on plants such as rice, which is considered the most important crop in the world. Exploiting natural AMF genetic variation by generating novel AMF genotypes through genetic exchange is a potentially useful tool in the development of AMF inocula that are more beneficial for crop growth.

The mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) affects microbial activity in the rhizosphere of pea plants (Pisum sativum)

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Wamberg ◽  
Søren Christensen ◽  
I. Jakobsen ◽  
A.K. Müller ◽  
S.J. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus

scholarly journals Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation of sour orange seedlings in Barbados

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Stan Michelini ◽  
Stan Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
Vigorous Plant

A citrus seedbed was established August 1984 on the west coast of Barbados. Before being planted and inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, one-half the seedbed was fumigated with methyl bromide; the other half was untreated. Four weeks after fumigation, four treatments, Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, indigenous VAM fungi, and a noninoculated control were established in each half of the test. Early vigorous plant growth in the nonfumigated half of the plot suggested that indigenous VAM may have colonized and stimulated plant growth earlier than the treatments in the fumigated portion. Three months after inoculation, plants in both portions of the plot were growing well. In the fumigated area, application of two Glomus species, which were introduced from Florida, resulted in a significant improvement in plant growth over the control. This occurred in spite of the fact that infection levels in control roots were similar to those in inoculated roots. This study suggests that, when possible, alternative pesticides not harmful to VAM fungi should be used in place of methyl bromide fumigation to conserve these fungi in agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth Response to Soil Amendment with Composted Grape Pomace or Its Water Extract

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Composted materials with high humic and microbial content, and their water extracts, are increasingly used in the nursery industry as potting mix components or as liquid amendments for the purposes of enhancing plant growth. Common speculation is that such materials either contain beneficial microbes or stimulate those in or added to the medium, such as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, known to have growth-stimulating effects on plants. Experiments were conducted to determine if one such compost enhanced plant growth by stimulating VAM fungi or other growth-enhancing microbes, by simply providing limiting nutrients [phosphorus (P)], or a combination of the two. Highly mycorrhiza-responsive onion (Allium cepa) `White Lisbon' was used to evaluate the interactions of composted grape pomace (CGP), the VAM fungus Glomus intraradices, and preplant soil heat treatment on onion growth under P-limiting conditions. CGP and its water extract stimulated onion growth under P-limiting conditions in the absence of VAM; the extract was more effective than the granular CGP. Growth was enhanced further by addition of G. intraradices, and the extract enhanced its colonization of roots. Heat pretreatment of the soil inconsistently affected growth-enhancement by CGP or its extract. Thus, inoculating plant roots with mycorrhizal fungi in combination with this composted organic amendment or its extract was beneficial. The effect could have been due to the CGP providing a source of P to overcome the P-limiting conditions, and to the mycorrhizal fungus enhancing P uptake by its extraradical hyphae and thereby increasing nutrient-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laíze Aparecida Ferreira Vilela ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Vera Lúcia da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Soil structure has major influence on ecosystem sustainability and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important functional group of soil microbiota, acting in the process of aggregation, especially in agroecosystems and related to the production and plant diversity. AMF are widely distributed in tropical agroecosystems and are extremely important for development of many agricultural crops. The present study evaluated the effect of inoculation with Glomus macrocarpum in different crop sequences on plant growth, microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a4 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of four conditions of elimination and/or introduction of AMF (NS-NI: non-sterilized and non-inoculated; NS-I: non-sterilized and inoculated; S-NI: sterilized and non-inoculated; andS-I: sterilized and inoculated) and four crop sequences (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis/ soybean, sorghum/soybean and Stylosanthes spp./soybean). Inoculation favored growth of Stylosanthes spp. by increasing plant growth in up to 91% when inoculated. None of the grasses benefited from G. macrocarpum introduction. We observed that G. macrocarpum inoculation associated with indigenous AMF increased microbial biomass, phosphatase activity, mean geometric diameter and mean weighted diameter. The results indicated the beneficial effects of inoculation, which reflected in soil structure improvement and, hence, to agroecosystems sustainability.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, essential oil production and nutrient uptake in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Arango ◽  
M.F. Ruscitti ◽  
M.G. Ronco ◽  
J. Beltrano
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Essential Oil Production

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

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