Greater humification of belowground than aboveground biomass carbon into particulate soil organic matter in no-till corn and soybean crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián R. Mazzilli ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian ◽  
Oswaldo R. Ernst ◽  
Robert B. Jackson ◽  
Gervasio Piñeiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Till ◽  
Particulate Soil

scholarly journals Role of Crop Rotations in the Dynamic of Soil Organic Matter Pools

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Santos Moreira ◽  
Marcio Koiti Chiba ◽  
Isabella Clerici De Maria ◽  
Caio César Zito Siqueira ◽  
Aildson Pereira Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Humification Index ◽  
No Till ◽  
C And N ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Quality

Soil organic matter is considered a key attribute for a sustainable agricultural production and is influenced by the quantity and quality of the crop residue deposited on the soil surface. Therefore, different crop rotations could change the soil organic matter pools. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil carbon pools obtained by chemical and physical fractionation methods and the humification index under different crop rotations in a no-till system. We test the following hypothesis: a) the distribution of C and N among the soil organic matter fractions depends on plant species rotation schemes and; b) labile fractions are more sensitive to the input of crop residues and therefore, more suitable for evaluating the impact of different crop rotations in the soil organic matter quality. We evaluated four crop sequences (corn/corn/corn; corn/wheat/corn; soybean/wheat/corn and soybean/corn/corn) in a no-till system. A five-year reforested area was used as reference. We determined the total C and N contents, the mineral-associated C and N, the light fraction of C and N, the labile carbon extracted with KMnO4 and the soil organic matter humification index. We found narrow differences between the crop rotation systems in the total C and N levels, the mineral-associated C and N fractions and the labile C extracted with KMnO4. The diversification of the agricultural system with soybean in crop rotation favored the accumulation of light fraction C and N in the soil that were more efficient to provide information about the changes in the soil organic matter quality.

Particulate organic matter in soil under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Adriano Perin ◽  
Fernando Silva Coutinho ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Planting System

The combination of the no-till planting system (NTS) and pasture (e.g. brachiaria grass, Urochloa sp.) for livestock production constitutes a crop–livestock integration (CLI) system. CLI systems significantly increase the total organic carbon (TOC) content of soil and the particulate organic carbon (POC) of soil organic matter (SOM). The present study evaluated TOC and the granulometric fractions of SOM under different management systems in a Cerrado area in the state of Goiás. Two areas applying crop rotation were evaluated, one using CLI (corn/brachiaria grass/bean/cotton/soybean planted sequentially) and the other NTS (sunflower/pearl millet/soybean/corn planted sequentially). A third area covered with natural Cerrado vegetation (Cerradão) served as a reference to determine original soil conditions. Soil was randomly sampled at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm. The TOC, POC, and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) were assessed, and POC and MOC stocks calculated. The CLI system resulted in greater TOC levels than NTS (0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm). Compared with the Cerradão, CLI areas exhibited higher stocks of TOC (at 5–10 and 10–20 cm) and POC (at 0–40 cm). Results obtained for TOC and POC fractions show that land management with CLI was more efficient in increasing SOM than NTS. Moreover, when compared with NTS, the CLI system provided better POC stratification.

Geogenic CO2 affects inorganic soil properties and the composition of soil organic matter in physical fractions

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Particulate Soil ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared

The presence of geogenic CO2 has been recently identified as a soil-forming factor in soil on mofette sites. Topsoil samples (with a maximum CO2 concentration of 52% at 10 cm depth) were studied along a transect on a mofette site in the NW Czech Republic to further understand the processes within soil and the soil properties induced by CO2 in the soil atmosphere. Geogenic CO2 negatively affected the cation exchange capacity, the ratio of exchangeable Ca and Mg, and the total contents of Al, Mg and Mn. No effect was detected on a chemical index of weathering and the mineralogical composition of the clay fractions, which might be explained by the acidic parent material and the progress of soil development. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy indicated that the composition of particulate soil organic matter was partially affected by CO2 concentrations: the higher the CO2 concentrations, the smaller the extent of oxidative transformation and the smaller the abundance of carboxyl groups. In the clay fractions, stabilisation of transformed soil organic matter (SOM) was promoted by exchangeable Al. This study quantifies, for the first time, the correlation between geogenic CO2 and several inorganic soil properties and the composition of SOM in physical fractions.

Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Donald D. Tyler ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Impacts of Poplar Growth on Soil Organic Matter in Eutric Cambisols

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Christel Baum ◽  
Martin Barth ◽  
Kathrin Henkel ◽  
Meike Siebers ◽  
Kai-Uwe Eckhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Poplar Growth

Short rotation coppices (SRC) with poplar on arable soils constitute no-till management in combination with a changed litter quality compared to annual crops. Both tillage and litter quality impact soil organic matter (SOM) composition, but little is known on the sustainability of this impact at the molecular level. We compared the microbial colonization and SOM quantity and quality of a young (4 years), old (17 years) and a former SRC with hybrid poplar (Populus maximoviczii × Populus nigra cv. Max) to adjacent arable sites with annual crops or grass. Total fungal and arbsucular mycorrhizal fungal phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers were increased under no-till treatments with permanent crops (SRC and grass) compared to tilled cereals. Enrichments in fungal biomass coincided with C accumulation close to the soil surface (0–5 cm) but was abolished under former SRC after return to annual tillage. This management change altered the spatial distribution but not the accumulation of SOM within the topsoil (0–30 cm). However, lasting qualitative changes in SOM with increased proportions of lignin, lipids and sterols were found under current and former SRC. Increased colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was correlated with increased invertase activity (R = 0.64; p < 0.05), carbohydrate consumption and a corresponding accumulation of lignins and lipids in the SOM. This link indicates a regulatory impact of mycorrhizal fungi on soil C dynamics by changing the quality of SOM. Increased stability of SOM to microbial degradation by higher portions of lipids and sterols in the SOM were assumed to be a sustainable effect of poplar growth at Eutric Cambisols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document