Analysis on the effects of high expansion foam on evaporation rate of the LNG

During recent experiments on Au films, a qualitative correlation between hole formation and deposition rate was observed. These early studies were concerned with films 80 to 1000A thick deposited on glass at -185°C and annealed at 170°C. In the present studies this earlier work was made quantitative. Deposition rates varying between 5 and 700 A/min were used. The effects of deposition rate on hole density for two films 300 and 700A thick were investigated.Au was evaporated from an outgassed W filament located 10 cm from a glass microscope slide substrate and a quartz crystal film thickness monitor. A shutter separating the filament from the substrate and monitor made it possible to obtain a constant evaporation rate before initiating deposition. The pressure was reduced to less than 1 x 10-6 torr prior to cooling the substrate with liquid nitrogen. The substrate was cooled in 15 minutes during which the pressure continued to drop to the mid 10-7 torr range, where deposition was begun.

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EFFECT OF FIELD-EVAPORATION RATE ON QUANTITATIVE ATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:1986264 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 47 (C2) ◽

pp. C2-415-C2-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. WAGNER ◽

D. N. SEIDMAN

Keyword(s):

Evaporation Rate ◽

Atom Probe ◽

Field Evaporation ◽

Probe Analysis ◽

Atom Probe Analysis

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CFD CALCULATION OF EVAPORATION RATE WITH ACCOUNT FOR VOLUME CONDENSATION

Proceeding of Proceedings of CONV-14: International Symposium on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. June 8 - 13, 2014, Kusadasi, Turkey ◽

10.1615/ichmt.2014.intsympconvheatmasstransf.770 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Nikolay A. Vinnichenko ◽

Alexander Uvarov ◽

Yulia Plaksina ◽

Olga Yakimchuk

Keyword(s):

Evaporation Rate ◽

Volume Condensation

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Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas. Testing of foam concentrates designed for generation of medium and high expansion foam and of extinguishing powders used on liquefied natural gas fires

10.3403/01266728 ◽

1998 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Expansion Foam

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ESTIMATION OF EVAPORATION RATE OF SURFACE WATER USING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ISOTOPIC RATIOS

International Journal of Geomate ◽

10.21660/2016.26.5295 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Masahiro Yamashita

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Evaporation Rate ◽

Isotopic Ratios ◽

Oxygen Isotopic

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WATER DROPLET EVAPORATION IN A CHAMBER ISOLATED FROM THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Tyumen State University Herald Physical and Mathematical Modeling Oil Gas Energy ◽

10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-3-8-22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 8-22

Author(s):

KSENIA A. Batishcheva ◽

ATLANT E. Nurpeiis

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Evaporation Rate ◽

External Environment ◽

Heat Removal ◽

Droplet Evaporation ◽

Droplet Volume ◽

Evaporation Time ◽

Aluminum Alloy Amg6 ◽

Evaporation Of Droplets ◽

Contact Diameter

With an increase in the productivity of power equipment and the miniaturization of its components, the use of traditional thermal management systems becomes insufficient. There is a need to develop drip heat removal systems, based on phase transition effects. Cooling with small volumes of liquids is a promising technology for microfluidic devices or evaporation chambers, which are self-regulating systems isolated from the external environment. However, the heat removal during evaporation of droplets into a limited volume is a difficult task due to the temperature difference in the cooling device and the concentration of water vapor that is unsteady in time depending on the mass of the evaporated liquid. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the distilled water microdrops’ (5-25 μl) evaporation on an aluminum alloy AMg6 with the temperatures of 298-353 K in an isolated chamber (70 × 70 × 30 mm3) in the presence of heat supply to its lower part. Based on the analysis of shadow images, the changes in the geometric dimensions of evaporating drops were established. They included the increase in the contact diameter, engagement of the contact line due to nano roughening and chemical composition inhomogeneous on the surface (90-95% of the total evaporation time) of the alloy and a decrease in the contact diameter. The surface temperature and droplet volume did not affect the sequence of changes in the geometric dimensions of the droplets. It was found that the droplet volume has a significant effect on the evaporation time at relatively low substrate temperatures. The results of the analysis of droplet evaporation rates and hygrometer readings have shown that reservoirs with salt solutions can be used in isolated chambers to control the concentration of water vapor. The water droplets evaporation time was determined. The analysis of the time dependences of the evaporation rate has revealed that upon the evaporation of droplets in an isolated chamber under the conditions of the present experiment, the air was not saturated with water vapor. The latter did not affect the evaporation rate.

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Highly efficient evaporative cooling by all-day water evaporation using hierarchically porous biomass

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96303-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jihun Choi ◽

Hansol Lee ◽

Bokyeong Sohn ◽

Minjae Song ◽

Sangmin Jeon

Keyword(s):

Porous Structure ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Evaporation Rate ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Thickness Direction ◽

Hierarchically Porous ◽

Hierarchically Porous Structure ◽

Length Direction ◽

Luffa Sponge ◽

Fiber Thickness

AbstractWe developed a 3D solar steam generator with the highest evaporation rate reported so far using a carbonized luffa sponge (CLS). The luffa sponge consisted of entangled fibers with a hierarchically porous structure; macropores between fibers, micro-sized pores in the fiber-thickness direction, and microchannels in the fiber-length direction. This structure remained after carbonization and played an important role in water transport. When the CLS was placed in the water, the microchannels in the fiber-length direction transported water to the top surface of the CLS by capillary action, and the micro-sized pores in the fiber-thickness direction delivered water to the entire fiber surface. The water evaporation rate under 1-sun illumination was 3.7 kg/m2/h, which increased to 14.5 kg/m2/h under 2 m/s wind that corresponded to the highest evaporation rate ever reported under the same condition. The high evaporation performance of the CLS was attributed to its hierarchically porous structure. In addition, it was found that the air temperature dropped by 3.6 °C when the wind passed through the CLS because of the absorption of the latent heat of vaporization. The heat absorbed by the CLS during water evaporation was calculated to be 9.7 kW/m2 under 1-sun illumination and 2 m/s wind, which was 10 times higher than the solar energy irradiated on the same area (1 kW/m2).

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