“Ideal” decision-making processes for transport planning: A comparison between Europe and South East Asia

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter Emberger ◽  
Paul Pfaffenbichler ◽  
Sittha Jaensirisak ◽  
Paul Timms
2021 ◽  
pp. 297-312
Author(s):  
Adam Araszkiewicz

This article aims at adressing several research issues. Firstly, to present offensive realism as a proper research tool to analyse US-China rivalry. Secondly, the author discusses the theory of “China’s peaceful rise” and I argues that it smoothly overlapped with the US strategy of liberal hegemony. Thirdly, He presents and defends the argument that China does not rise peacefully. Fourthly, the author claims that China wants to became a regional hegemon in South-East Asia and the USA according to offensive realism cannot let it happen. Last but not least the author considers the arguments that are frequently used to support the theory of “China’s peaceful rise” and explains why they fail to depict the current and predict the future nature of US-China relations. In this article the author employed the following research methods: historical, descriptive and decision making methods.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefriani -

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>ASEAN is not free from conflict among its members. For the example is Conflict between gunmen called themselves as representative of Sulu Kingdom with Malaysian policeman, conflict territory surrounding preh vihear temple between Cambodia and Thailand, conflict ambalat between Indonesia-malaysia potentially disturb peace and security of regional. Nothing done by ASEAN as organization which is most responsible to peace and stability at South East Asia Region. This matter caused by ASEAN way followed by ASEAN as conflict Resolution. ASEAN Way claim ASEAN applied non intervention to domestic affair of its member. ASEAN way claim also unanimous vote in decision making. ASEAN way often make ACEAN became contra productive toward existence of ASEAN itself. Constructive intervention or flexible engagement or enhanced interaction is solution offered to enhance ASEAN more advantage for South East Asia Region.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>ASEAN way, non intervention, constructive intervention</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>ASEAN tidaklah bebas dari konflik antar anggotanya. Sebut saja beberapa waktu yang lalu konflik antara Sekelompok orang bersenjata yag menamakan dirinya perwakilan kerajaan Sulu dengan Pasukan Polisi Diraja Malaysia; konflik perbatasan di sekitar kuil preh vihear antara Kamboja dengan Thailand; Konflik kawasan ambalat antara Indonesia-Malaysia dan lain-lain yang berpotensi mengganggu   perdamaian dan keamanan regional. Tidak ada upaya sedikitpun yang dilakukan ASeAN sebagai organisasi yang paling bertanggung jawab terhadap perdamaian keamanan kawasan asia Tenggara. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh ASeAN Way yang merupakan mekanisme penyelesaian snegketa yang dianut oleh ASeAN yang menuntut ASeAN bersikap non intervensi terhadap urusan dalam negeri anggotanya. ASeAN Way juga menuntut pengambilan suara berdasarkan mufakat. Apa yang dianut ASeAN ini terkadang menjadi kontraproduktif terhadap keberadaan ASeAN. Constructive intervention atau yang disebut juga dengan flexible engagement, atau enhanced interaction merupakan solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mendorong agar keberadaan ASeAN menjadi lebih berarti bagi kawasan</p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>ASeAN Way, Non intervensi, Constructive intervention


Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Finke ◽  
Kathryn Drager ◽  
Elizabeth C. Serpentine

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Christ ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Jared T. Freeman ◽  
Rick Archer ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
...  

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