An Investigation of Conflict Resolution Strategies for the Students of Elementary School Teacher Education Study in Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims at identifying various types of conflicts experienced by students of elementary school teacher study program during online learning of elementary social studies learning courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and determining the strategies they used to resolve conflicts they encountered . This study uses a descriptive research method with a survey design. The research participants were 4th semester students of the PGSD study program in a private university in the West Java region, totaling 243 that consisted of 182 female students and 61 male students. The instruments used in this study were interviews that were used to identify the conflicts experienced by students during online learning, and closed questionnaires that were distributed to determine the strategies used to resolve the conflicts; which were analyzed descriptively. Based on the data obtained from the interviews, it was revealed that the conflicts experienced by students during online learning were completing group assignments, bullying between students, discriminatory attitude, and acknowledging/taking goods/works of others without asking permission. Meanwhile, based on the data obtained from the questionnaires regarding the students' strategies in resolving conflicts, it was found that students used cooperative strategies in resolving these conflicts.

Developing conflict resolution strategies and building resilient midwifery students: A mixed methods research protocol. (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Workplace bullying, and violence is a well-documented issue in the midwifery profession. Negative workplace culture, conflict and bullying are the most common forms of workplace violence experienced by midwives. Workplace violence increases the risk of midwives suffering burnout, compassion fatigue, psychological trauma, poor mental health, absenteeism, loss of passion for the midwifery profession, job dissatisfaction and poor job retention. Midwifery students describe workplace violence in the form of physical, emotional and/or verbal abuse, and bullying. Therefore, there is a justification to develop conflict resolution strategies and resilience in midwifery students prior to graduation. OBJECTIVE To develop and facilitate a bespoke education program for South Australian (SA) midwifery students, to enable them to develop skills in conflict resolution, build resilience and identify self-care strategies. METHODS This study will undertake a preparatory phase summarising the body of literature on midwifery students’ knowledge, understanding and experiences of workplace bullying, and violence. Following this a three-phase sequential mixed methods research design study will be undertaken. Phase 1 - quantitative data will be collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and a validated conflict measurement tool, prior to and after attending an education workshop, and will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results from Phase 1 will inform and guide the development of an interview schedule for Phase 2. Phase 2 – qualitative data will be gathered by facilitating one-to-one interviews and a thematic analysis will be undertaken to gain a deeper understanding of midwifery students experiences of workplace bullying, and violence. Phase 3 – data integration using triangulation will be undertaken, and meta inferences will be developed via the integration of results and findings from Phase 1 and 2. RESULTS The preparatory phase will commence in October 2021. Phase 1 will commence in 2022 with analysis of pre and post education results anticipated to be completed by December 2022. Phase 2 will be developed from findings of the preparatory phase and results of Phase 1. An interpretation of verbatim interview transcripts is estimated to be undertaken by April 2023. Phase 3 of the study is expected to commence in May 2023, and this will involve the analysis of collective evidence gathered from phases 1 and phase 2. The anticipated completion date for the study is December 2023. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this research will provide insights into the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying, and violence experienced by midwifery students. The findings of the research will report on levels of knowledge, skills, and confidence, and will assess the impact of a bespoke conflict resolution and resilience education workshop for midwifery students, in managing workplace bullying, and violence.

Organizational management of intra-group behaviour based on conflict analysis of activities

The article is aimed at solving an important theoretical and experimental problem associated with the search for constructive ways of organizational management of intra-group behaviour based on the official activity analysis. On the ground of ergonomic concepts of purposeful systems, some strategies for eliminating and preventing conflicts are considered based on the materials taken from the domestic and foreign publications. The empirical data obtained on a representative sample of employees related to conflict interactions, status-role positions, and the socio-psychological climate in the team are analyzed. The article outlines further research on organizational management of conflict resolution strategies in official activities

Conflict resolution under the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose This paper aims to analyze conflict resolution strategies among individuals who encountered disputes with family, neighbors, workmates, businesses, strangers, government authorities or other members in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Applying a difference-in-difference approach by sex, the authors use a representative panel of adults living in 82 cities from across Mexico to measure changes in antisocial strategies (violence) and prosocial strategies (non-confrontational methods and dialogue) to resolve disputes. Findings During the COVID-19 pandemic, men reduced their use of violence by 19.6% while women did so by 17.4%. There was a parallel rise in non-confrontational strategies used to solve conflicts equal to 73.6% for men and 62% for women. The use of dialogue as a tool for resolving disputes increased by more in cities that banned the sale of alcohol. Alternative Twitter data corroborates the main findings, suggesting that individuals are becoming more prosocial during the pandemic. Originality/value To the knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze changes in strategies for conflict resolution as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how individuals adapt their dispute strategies under extraordinary circumstances such as a pandemic, with a focus on a middle-income setting.

Analysis of Conflict Resolution Strategies of Head Teachers: Teachers’ Perspective

Conflict managing has become a center of gravity of human activities in these days. Head teachers should be well aware how to resolve conflict among staff members. So, the study was designed to analyze how head teachers can resolve conflict among staff members and was there any significance difference between male and female head teachers’ conflict resolving strategies. Survey method was used to investigate conflict resolving strategies of the head teachers. Bahawalpur was the population of the study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select sample. Self-constructed instrument was applied to collect data. Questionnaire was consist of five types of parameters i-e integrating conflict, obliging conflict, dominating conflict, avoidance conflict and compromising conflict. The major finding of the study was that majority of the head teachers exercise integrating conflict resolution strategies to resolve conflict. Major part of the head teachers adopted obliging conflict resolution strategies to resolve the conflict. Mainstream of head teachers used dominating conflict resolving strategies to resolve conflict. Majority of the head teachers exercise dominating conflict resolving strategies. Greater part of the respondents agreed that head teachers adopted compromising conflict resolving strategies to resolve conflict among staff members. Gender wise comparison indicates that there was a significance difference between male and female head teachers to use the conflict resolution strategies at secondary level.

Problematization of Social Reality in Communicative Practices of Conflict Mobilization in Communities Social Networks in Germany

The results of studying the subject system-communicative dimension of conflict mobilization practices in social networks in Germany in the context of mediatization of politics and postulates of successful conflict communication of the Harvard School of Conflictology are presented in the article. The spheres of social life, characterized from the perspective of observers — members of mobilization communities — as a concentration of problem situations and phenomena are determined. The fact of achieving the planned impact when problematizing fragments of social reality is confirmed by the predominance of solidarity reactions of the addressees. The conclusion is made about the predominant presentation of fragments of social reality as a threat through a direct assessment, an indication of the need for confrontation as the main task of the community, broad calls for struggle and criticism of the opponent; about the dominant reinforced presentation of the assessment to the addressee. The consequences of modern mediation in the political sphere, which are reflected in the practices of conflict mobilization, including the changing characteristics and attitudes of communicants, are described. Mobilization practices are characterized as the practice of institutionalizing protest and conflict resolution. It is shown that the studied discursive practices combine the features of different conflict resolution strategies, re-veal partial deviations from the postulates of successful conflict communication, formulated by representatives of the Harvard School of Conflictology in the concept of “Principled Negotiations”.

Psychological Features of Police Officers’ Conflict Behavior: Gender Aspect

To date, there are no scientifically sound recommendations for resolving conflicts in law enforcement activity, there are no methods for resolving conflicts, and there are no means for managing the conflict behavior of police officers taking into account the gender aspect. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comprehensive study of psychological characteristics of conflict behavior of police officers taking into account the gender aspect. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the work. According to the results of conducted theoretical analysis the author has noted the psychological and moral preconditions for conflict prevention with the participation of police officers taking into account the gender aspect. According to the method of “Personal Aggression and Conflict” the highest rates in the first group (police officers – women) were obtained on the scale of “conflict”. The lowest rates among women are on the scale of “negative aggression”. The highest rates in the second group (police officers – men) – were on the scales of “conflict” and “positive aggression”. The lowest rates were on the “negative aggression” scale. The highest rate on the scale of “adaptation” according to the method of “Diagnosis of Style of Behavior in Conflicts” (K. Thomas) is both among women and men. Women and men according to the “rivalry” scale have a low rate. The highest rate for women according to the method of “Diagnosis of Conflict Resolution Strategies" was on the “adaptation” scale. The highest rate among men was the scale of “cooperation”. Prevention rates among women are low. Men have the lowest rate on the “competition” scale. Analyzing the results of the study of the style of behavior of police officers in conflict situations within the gender aspect, it was found out that the higher the tendency to avoid conflict, the less are manifestations of styles of rivalry, cooperation and adaptation. At the same time, as the length of service increases, the tendency to adaptive style of behavior in conflict situations increases, which may be associated with manifestations of professional deformation and burnout; strategies of compromise and avoidance in conflict situations are in the lead.