Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges

This chapter explores Article XIII-B of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the Board of Regents of Oklahoma colleges. Section 1 provides for the creation, membership, and terms of the Board of Regents of Oklahoma colleges. The meetings of the Board of Regents are open. The Board of Regents of Oklahoma colleges are only authorized to hold executive sessions when considering matters involving appointment of personnel and then only when ordered by unanimous vote of the members of the board. Under Section 2, the Board of Regents of Oklahoma colleges has all power necessary to accomplish objectives it was constitutionally empowered to achieve, and it is therefore authorized to enact rules, regulations, and bylaws for good government and management of the university and all of its departments. Section 4 provides for the authorization of the Board of Regents regarding allocation of funds for payment of salaries and expenses.

Sámi’s Reindeer Husbandry and EU Legislation (beyond Finland and Sweden’s Accession Treaty)

The 1995 Treaty concerning the accession of Finland and Sweden to the EU makes some express exceptions for their domestic legislation vis-à-vis EU legislation regarding some aspects of traditional reindeer husbandry carried out by the Sámi people. However, other fields in the EU law lack an express regulation concerning reindeer husbandry and this has led to much controversy. In Sweden, legislation on EU Natura 2000 areas identifies reindeer herders as stakeholders among many others, i.e. it does not as such address the Sámi as indigenous people. In Finland, the Act on Metsähallitus was amended in 2016 to be in compliance with EU trade laws; however, the new Act does not recognise any special status of the Sámi as indigenous people, giving rise to concerns especially with regards to reindeer husbandry. The extension of Protocol No 3 to the Accession Treaty to other matters by a unanimous vote of the Council could be a solution to protect Sámi’s reindeer husbandry vis-à-vis EU legislation. Simultaneously, EU legislation should be interpreted in the light of the relevant rules of international law concerning indigenous peoples.

Mid-term review of the Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020 – A round-up of key issues at stake

By the end of 2016 the European Commission is expected to present its mid-term review of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) 2014-2020. The results of the review may open the way for a revision of the MFF Regulation. The scope of the review, as laid down in the legislation, as well as the difficult implementation of the MFF in its first years, give grounds to expect changes in the MFF Regulation. However, experience of past reviews and the requirement of a unanimous vote in the Council on the revision of the MFF raise concerns about the final result of the exercise. This paper explains how the idea of the mid-term review of the MFF has evolved, why it has become so important, and what issues are at stake at the outset of the debate. It shows that in order to ensure a smoother implementation of the MFF in the future years some radical changes are necessary, including an increase of the ceilings and flexibility. Besides, the problems with the implementation of the current MFF give arguments for a thorough reform with a view of the post-2020 MFF.

Joint-Stock Corporation under Turkish Commercial Law and the Doctrine of Increasing Shareholder Commitments

ABSTRACT The principle that the shareholder of a joint-stock company is under the single obligation of paying in his contribution to the equity-capital is in force within the framework of the 2011 Turkish Commercial Code. It appears as if the reinforced principle of “single obligation” critically challenges the relevance of the formerly settled norm of subjecting increase in shareholders’ commitments to unanimous consent of all shareholders. That being said, since the Turkish Commercial Code also contains deviations to the single obligation principle in addition to the fact that the notion of increase is shareholders’ commitments was not made entirely obsolete from the Turkish Commercial Code, the doctrine for subjecting increases in shareholders’ commitments to the general assembly’s unanimous vote is - to an extent - still relevant within the context of the 2011 Turkish Commercial Code.

ASEAN WAY DALAM PERPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>ASEAN is not free from conflict among its members. For the example is Conflict between gunmen called themselves as representative of Sulu Kingdom with Malaysian policeman, conflict territory surrounding preh vihear temple between Cambodia and Thailand, conflict ambalat between Indonesia-malaysia potentially disturb peace and security of regional. Nothing done by ASEAN as organization which is most responsible to peace and stability at South East Asia Region. This matter caused by ASEAN way followed by ASEAN as conflict Resolution. ASEAN Way claim ASEAN applied non intervention to domestic affair of its member. ASEAN way claim also unanimous vote in decision making. ASEAN way often make ACEAN became contra productive toward existence of ASEAN itself. Constructive intervention or flexible engagement or enhanced interaction is solution offered to enhance ASEAN more advantage for South East Asia Region.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>ASEAN way, non intervention, constructive intervention</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>ASEAN tidaklah bebas dari konflik antar anggotanya. Sebut saja beberapa waktu yang lalu konflik antara Sekelompok orang bersenjata yag menamakan dirinya perwakilan kerajaan Sulu dengan Pasukan Polisi Diraja Malaysia; konflik perbatasan di sekitar kuil preh vihear antara Kamboja dengan Thailand; Konflik kawasan ambalat antara Indonesia-Malaysia dan lain-lain yang berpotensi mengganggu perdamaian dan keamanan regional. Tidak ada upaya sedikitpun yang dilakukan ASeAN sebagai organisasi yang paling bertanggung jawab terhadap perdamaian keamanan kawasan asia Tenggara. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh ASeAN Way yang merupakan mekanisme penyelesaian snegketa yang dianut oleh ASeAN yang menuntut ASeAN bersikap non intervensi terhadap urusan dalam negeri anggotanya. ASeAN Way juga menuntut pengambilan suara berdasarkan mufakat. Apa yang dianut ASeAN ini terkadang menjadi kontraproduktif terhadap keberadaan ASeAN. Constructive intervention atau yang disebut juga dengan flexible engagement, atau enhanced interaction merupakan solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mendorong agar keberadaan ASeAN menjadi lebih berarti bagi kawasan</p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>ASeAN Way, Non intervensi, Constructive intervention