Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of 140 pneumococcal isolates from pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections in Beijing, 2010

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (44) ◽  
pp. 7704-7710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Sang-jie Yu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Kai-hu Yao ◽  
A-dong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Pulmonary Disease Associated With Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb S Martin ◽  
Jessica L Bradshaw ◽  
Haley R Pipkins ◽  
Larry S McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract We discuss 3 patients presenting with pneumonia associated with nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp), an emerging pathogen commonly causing upper respiratory infections. Clinical isolates obtained from these patients were characterized to evaluate their respective antibiotic resistance and virulence mechanisms. We demonstrate that NESp resistant to classical drug treatments are isolated during pneumonia.

scholarly journals Development of Eczema Following Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients with Upper Respiratory Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. S171-S172
Author(s):  
Shivan N. Chokshi ◽  
Bridget A. Vories ◽  
Sunny Gotewal ◽  
Megan Swonke ◽  
Harold S. Pine
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Implementation of an Educational Intervention to Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Upper Respiratory Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jaime Durante ◽  
Jennifer McBride ◽  
Lindsay Miklo ◽  
Mary Killeen ◽  
Constance Creech
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics for viral upper respiratory infections (URI) directly contributes to antibiotic resistance. Educational interventions reduce antibiotic prescriptions written for viral (URI) symptoms and antibiotic resistance. Objective: This study aims to ascertain whether provider education will reduce antibiotic prescriptions. The study also aims to change provider prescribing practices through education on antibiotic resistance. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to review charts of patients pre- and postintervention in a single provider primary care practice for patients aged 18–64 years with URI diagnosis and/or symptoms. Results: Preintervention, 85% received an antibiotic for URI symptoms compared to 79% in the postintervention group (p = .514). Chi-square analysis comparing the 2 groups indicated there was no statistical significance between the proportion of antibiotics prescribed within these timeframes (p = .58). Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality will continue to increase without aggressive antibiotic stewardship. Although the results did not reach statistical significance, there was still a 6% reduction in the amount of antibiotics prescribed by the single provider. The decrease, albeit small, has the potential for clinical significance, and further studies should be pursued.

scholarly journals 727. Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices for Upper Respiratory Infections in the Adult and Pediatric Emergency Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S261-S261
Author(s):  
Megan Lim ◽  
Lindsay Petty ◽  
Nicholas Dillman ◽  
Pamela Walker ◽  
Jerod Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Emergency medicine physicians are among the top five specialties prescribing antibiotics. New accreditation standards for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship are now in effect, thus evaluation of antibiotic prescribing practices in the emergency department (ED) is needed. Upper respiratory infections (URIs) have been shown to be a common culprit for inappropriate antibiotic use and are among the leading primary diagnoses seen at ED visits. We aimed to assess the management of URIs in the adult and pediatric EDs by diagnosis and provider type, in order to target interventions to improve use. Methods In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we included adult and pediatric patients seen in the ED and discharged home from September 2015 through August 2017. Patients with one of eight ICD-10 primary diagnosis codes associated with URIs were included (Figure 1). The primary outcome was to evaluate prescriber compliance with guidelines for the treatment of URIs among our adult and pediatric ED departments. Secondary outcomes included assessment of patient outcomes (14-day hospital and clinic revisit rates) between the compliant and noncompliant cohorts, and a comparison of prescribing practices among prescriber types. Results A total of 1,646 adult ED encounters and 2,589 pediatric ED encounters were included, with overall 84.0% and 94.4% compliance, respectively. Among URIs, compliance rates were low for bronchitis in adult patients (68.3%) and tonsillitis in both the adult (44.3%) and pediatric patients (57.6%). No difference in outcomes, including 14-day hospital and clinic revisit rates, were observed between groups for both the adult (12.7% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.37) and pediatric (18.8% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.91) cohorts. Higher rates of noncompliance were seen in adult and pediatric physicians (37.5% and 10.3%) compared with corresponding advanced practice providers (14.9% and 9.6%) and residents (12.1% and 4.5%). Conclusion The ED provides care for a large number of patients with URIs and should be a focus for antimicrobial stewardship. To be most effective, future stewardship interventions in the ED should target physician groups, and bronchitis in adults and tonsillitis in all patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

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