The significance of ferritin as one of the markers of inflammation

Iron is an extremely important trace element that plays a large role in oxygen transport, DNA synthesis and muscle tissue metabolism. Ferritin is a protein compound inwhich iron is deposited as a reserve for the body; in laboratory diagnostics, it is usually evaluated as a marker of iron content, and the determination of its concentration is used to diagnose iron deficiency conditions. It structurally consists of the protein apoferritin and the ferric atom in the composition of phosphate hydroxide. One ferritin molecule can contain up to 4,000 iron atoms. The ferritin content in blood is measured in nanograms per milliliter. The normal concentration for men is 29–397 ng/ml, and for women, it is 6–159 ng/ml. A decrease in the level of ferritin in the blood is possible in iron deficiency, but an increase in its concentration may indicate not only the development of hemochromatosis, but also, along with C-reactive protein, be a marker of an active inflammatory reaction. An increase in the synthesis of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, serum amyloid by hepatocytes occurs under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-18, IL-1, TNF in severe acute processes, especially in the case of their viral etiology.

Infectious morbidity in the Khabarovsk Krai in 2020

The article analyzes the infectious morbidity of the population of the Khabarovsk Krai in 2020. It is concluded that in the structure of infectious morbidity the prevailing nosological form is the group of airborne infections and the group of intestinal infections of viral etiology. A sporadic incidence of natural focal infections is recorded

PROVIDING EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE TO PATIENTS IN A COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Among the features of surgical care for patients with COVID-19 are the need for strict compliance with the epidemiological regime, minimizing the number of staff in the operating room, the possible minimization of surgical interventions and reducing their duration. The most important task in these conditions is the safety of personnel. Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 85 pa-tients with acute surgical pathology are presented, and the presence of the virus was confirmed by the results of laboratory tests in 75.3 %. 24.7 % of patients had a clear picture of pneumonia of viral etiology with a high probability. All operations were performed in compliance with the epidemiological regime by pre-trained and instructed per-sonnel in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. Discussion of results. There are no fundamental changes in the tac-tics of management of patients with acute surgical pathology. Howev-er, in the presence of the patient, in addition to acute surgical disease, COVID-19 and viral pneumonia of varying severity, it is necessary to take into account the increased risk of both bacterial and thrombo-embolic complications. Conclusions. Given the limitations caused by the spread of COVID-19, emergency surgical care should be provided to all pa-tients in a timely, highquality and complete manner. Any action of the emergency surgical service must be justified by the specific situa-tion, with the absolute priority of public and patient safety.

Molecular Variation Between RT-PCR Detected Rotavirus Infection of Naturally Diarrheic Neonatal Calves and Rotavirus Strains of Commercial Vaccines

Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, and Rotavirus is the main viral etiology. Rotavirus vaccines are one of the main important methods for control of diarrhea in neonates' calves. In the current study, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Rotavirus Group A (BRVA) were performed in our study. 1 Calf guard® vaccine genotype (G6P1) and 5 different field genotypes (2 G6P5, 1 G10P5, G10P? and 1 G10P11) were subjected to DNA sequencing. We observed that at the nucleotide level, G10P5 and G10P? sequences were 100 % identical with each other, two G6P5 sequences were 100% identical with each other and there was no significant similarity between sequences of G10P11 with sequences of G6P5, G10P5, and G10P? The phylogenetic analysis of G10P5 and G10P? isolates showed a close cluster with G10 isolates of Sharkia governorate, Egypt, phylogenetic analysis of two G6P5 and one G10P11 isolate showed a close cluster with the VP4 gene of Rotavirus isolates of Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Molecular comparison between detected and typed Rotaviruses' genotypes with other genotypes of common vaccines indicated that there were genetically close or distance between field and vaccine Rotavirus strains.

HLA-G Is Widely Expressed by Mast Cells in Regions of Organ Fibrosis in the Liver, Lung and Kidney

We previously demonstrated that mast cells expressing HLA-G are associated with regions of hepatitis C virus-induced liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to determine whether HLA-G expression in mast cells is specific to viral etiology, the liver, or to the general process of fibrosis. We enumerated HLA-G+ cells and mast cells by the immunohistochemistry of (i) liver blocks from 41 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis, (ii) 10 of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and (iii) 10 of renal fibrosis. The nature of the HLA-G+ cells was specified by multiplex immunofluorescence using software. More than half of all HLA-G+ cells were mast cells in fibrotic areas of alcoholic cirrhosis and IPF. In the kidneys, subjected to fibrosis, the HLA-G+ cells were indeed mast cells but could not be counted. Moreover, in certain cases of the liver and lung, we observed a number of cellular nodes, which were secondary or tertiary follicles, in which HLA-G was highly expressed by B lymphocytes. In conclusion, HLA-G+ mast cells could be observed in the fibrotic regions of all organs studied. Previous studies suggest a protective role for HLA-G+ mast cells against inflammation and fibrosis. The observed follicles with B lymphocytes that express HLA-G may also reinforce their antifibrotic role.

First Clinical Experience of Venous Reconstruction With Autologous Vascular Prosthesis From the Sickle Ligament of the Liver With Partial Portosystemic Bypass Surgery

Aim of study. Presentation of our own first clinical experience of venous reconstruction in portosystemic bypass surgery with the use of autologous vascular prostheses of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position in a patient with portal hypertension syndrome in the outcome of liver cirrhosis of viral etiology.Material and methods. Clinical observation of a patient born in 1978 with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology (HCV) Child-Pugh A (6). MELD 10 points. Inactive phase. Intrahepatic portal hypertension syndrome. Esophageal varices grade III according to A. G. Scherzinger, gastric varices type I (GOV1) according to Sarin. Condition after repeated recurrent esophageal-gastric bleeding. Due to the high risk of another bleeding, as a secondary prevention of esophageal-gastric bleeding, partial splenorenal anastomosis of “H” - type was performed with the use of an autologous vascular prosthesis of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position.Results. A flap measuring 60.0x20.0 mm was cut from the falciform ligament of the patient’s liver. From the latter, after adjusting the size of the graft to the individual needs of the patient, an autologous conduit was formed. It was used as an insert in the formation of an “H” - type splenorenal anastomosis with the imposition of two end-to-side anastomoses between the splenic vein and one end of the conduit and between the left renal vein and the other end of the conduit. The patency of the anastomosis was checked using intraoperative sonography. In a satisfactory condition, the patient was discharged for outpatient follow-up treatment at the place of residence. At the moment of writing the article, the follow-up period was 8 months. The bleeding did not recur. No varicose veins were found in the esophagus and stomach during control endoscopic examinations. The patency of the splenorenal shunt was confirmed by ultrasound dopplerography.Conclusion. The first clinical experience of venous reconstruction with portosystemic bypass surgery using as a possible replacement of autologous vascular prostheses of the falciform ligament of the liver in the splenorenal position in a patient with portal hypertension syndrome in the outcome of cirrhosis of the liver of viral etiology gives hope for the possibility of further successful testing of this method of splenorenal bypass surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding from varicose veins.