Distribution of rotavirus genotypes associated with acute diarrhoea in Zimbabwean children less than five years old before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (47) ◽  
pp. 7248-7255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Mukaratirwa ◽  
Chipo Berejena ◽  
Pasipanodya Nziramasanga ◽  
Ismail Ticklay ◽  
Archebald Gonah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Genotype Diversity before and after the Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine into the National Immunisation Program in Fiji

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Sokoveti Covea ◽  
Felisita T. Ratu ◽  
Adam W. J. Jenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
National Immunisation Program ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
Before And After

The introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, into the Fiji National Immunisation Program in 2012 has reduced the burden of rotavirus disease and hospitalisations in children less than 5 years of age. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of rotavirus genotype diversity from 2005 to 2018; to investigate changes following the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Fiji. Faecal samples from children less than 5 years with acute diarrhoea between 2005 to 2018 were analysed at the WHO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, and positive samples were serotyped by EIA (2005–2006) or genotyped by heminested RT-PCR (2007 onwards). We observed a transient increase in the zoonotic strain equine-like G3P[8] in the initial period following vaccine introduction. G1P[8] and G2P[4], dominant genotypes prior to vaccine introduction, have not been detected since 2015 and 2014, respectively. A decrease in rotavirus genotypes G2P[8], G3P[6], G8P[8] and G9P[8] was also observed following vaccine introduction. Monitoring the rotavirus genotypes that cause diarrhoeal disease in children in Fiji is important to ensure that the rotavirus vaccine will continue to be protective and to enable early detection of new vaccine escape strains if this occurs.

Impact of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine on Rotavirus Hospitalizations among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in the Ouest and Artibonite Departments, Haiti, 2013 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Desormeaux ◽  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Gérard Joseph ◽  
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽  
Negar Aliabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Rotavirus is responsible for 26% of diarrheal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2014. The objective of this analysis is to describe the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations among Haitian children younger than 5 years old during the first 5 years after introduction. This analysis includes all children with diarrhea who were enrolled as part of a sentinel surveillance system at two hospitals from May 2013 to April 2019. We compare the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens in each post-vaccine introduction year to the pre-vaccine period. To account for the potential dilution of the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens from a waning cholera outbreak, we also analyzed annual trends in the absolute number of positive stools, fit a two-component finite-mixture model to the negative specimens, and fit a negative binomial time series model to the pre-vaccine rotavirus-positive specimens to predict the number of rotavirus diarrhea hospital admissions in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. The overall percentage of rotavirus-positive specimens declined by 22% the first year after introduction, increased by 17% the second year, and declined by 33% to 50% the subsequent 3 years. All sensitivity analyses confirmed an overall decline. We observed a clear annual rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introduction, with the greatest activity in December through April, and a biennial pattern, with high sharp peaks and flatter longer periods of increased rotavirus activity in alternating years, consistent with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Overall, our study shows evidence that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine reduced the burden of severe rotavirus diarrhea.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of intussusception before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Fiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisita Tupou Ratu ◽  
Rita Reyburn ◽  
Evelyn Tuivaga ◽  
Asena Tuiketei ◽  
Kylie Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Global Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination on Diarrhea Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Children <5 Years Old: 2006–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Jacqueline E Tate
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Since 2006, more than 100 countries have introduced rotavirus vaccine into their immunization programs. We reviewed published data on relative reductions of rotavirus hospitalizations, acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations, and AGE deaths among children &lt;5 years old. Methods Articles published from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2019 with at least 12 months of data before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction were included. Relative reductions were abstracted into a standardized form. Descriptive statistics are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). Results We reviewed 1827 total records and included 105 articles from 49 countries. Among children &lt;5 years old, there was a median reduction of 59% (IQR, 46–74) in rotavirus hospitalizations, 36% (IQR, 23–47) in AGE hospitalizations, and 36% (IQR, 28–46) AGE mortality. Reductions were larger in countries with low child mortality, among younger age groups, and in countries with higher coverage. The median percentage of specimens that tested positive for rotavirus among children &lt;5 years old hospitalized for diarrhea was 40% (IQR, 28–45) before rotavirus vaccine introduction and 20% (IQR, 20–20) 4 years after introduction. Conclusions Overall, we found sustained impact on rotavirus and AGE hospitalizations and deaths. These results should encourage countries still considering rotavirus vaccine implementation.

scholarly journals Diarrheal Diseases Hospitalization in Yemen before and after Rotavirus Vaccination

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany ◽  
Lina Al-Areqi ◽  
Abulatif Mujally ◽  
Fawzya Alkarshy ◽  
Arwa Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on diarrheal diseases hospitalization and to identify the rotavirus genotypes most prevalent before and after vaccine introduction among children ≤ 5 years of age. Rotarix™® rotavirus vaccine is currently licensed for infants in Yemen and was introduced in 2012. The vaccination course consists of two doses. The first dose is administrated at 6 weeks of age and the second dose is completed by 10 weeks. Based on a longitudinal observational study, we assessed the impact of vaccination on rotavirus hospitalization before and after vaccination among children ≤ 5 years of age at the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital (YSH) in Taiz, Yemen. Prevaccination covered January 2009–July 2012 during which 2335 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 5 years old. Postvaccination covered January 2013–December 2014 during which 1114 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected by Enzyme Linkage Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The incidence ofrotavirushospitalization decreased from 43.79% in 2009 to 10.54% in 2014. Hospitalization due to rotavirus diarrhea was reduced by 75.93%. Vaccine coverage increased from 23% in 2012 to 72% in 2014. Also, the results showed that the most predominant genotypes in prevaccination period were G2P[4] (55.0%), followed by G1P[8] (15.0%), while in postvaccination period G1P[8] (31%) was the predominant genotype, followed by G9P[8] (27.5%). In conclusion, rotavirus vaccination in Yemen resulted in sharp reduction in diarrheal hospitalization. A successful rotavirus vaccination program in Yemen will rely upon efficient vaccine delivery systems and sustained vaccine efficacy against diverse and evolving rotavirus strains.

scholarly journals Trends in Rate of Seizure-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children <5 Years Old Before and After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in the United Sates, 2000–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D Pringle ◽  
Rachel M Burke ◽  
Claudia A Steiner ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
Jacqueline E Tate
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Before And After

Detection of rotavirus before and after monovalent rotavirus vaccine introduction and vaccine effectiveness among children in mainland Tanzania

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (47) ◽  
pp. 7149-7156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavin Jani ◽  
Adolfine Hokororo ◽  
Jackson Mchomvu ◽  
Margaret M. Cortese ◽  
Christopher Kamugisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Before And After

TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS FROM ALL-CAUSE GASTROENTERITIS IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 5 YEARS OF AGE IN BRAZIL BEFORE AND AFTER HUMAN ROTAVIRUS VACCINE INTRODUCTION, 1998–2007

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Miranda Lanzieri ◽  
Iolanda Costa ◽  
Fakrudeen A. Shafi ◽  
Maria Helena Cunha ◽  
Eduardo Ortega-Barria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Before And After
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