Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Jemaah Mesjid Ulil Amri Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Diare Di Tingkat Rumah Tangga

Diarrhea can be prevented in various ways, including treating patients, providing health education about hygiene, and personal and environmental hygiene including water sources, trash cans, and disposal of feces. One of the efforts to prevent diarrheal disease is to provide counseling on diarrheal diseases. The selection of community service locations in Manggala Village, Manggala District, Makassar City, especially the Ulil Amri mosque congregation because the community, especially mothers do not have sufficient knowledge about proper hand washing, people who are not used to it. washing hands in every activity, and the community still lacks knowledge about diarrheal disease, its handling and prevention. Counseling in the context of community service is important because it can communicate information and materials about the dangers and possibilities of preventing diarrheal disease and protecting oneself, the community, and the environment from the spread of disease. Increasing public knowledge through counseling and demonstrations has shown very good results. The community was very enthusiastic about the material provided, the community was active in the question and answer session by seeing the many questions, opinions and experiences they issued that could be used to prevent and overcome diarrheal diseases and maintain environmental health.

Determinants of diarrheal diseases among under five children in Jimma Geneti District, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020: a case-control study

Background Globally, in 2017, there were nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal diseases, and it is the second most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Sanitary conditions, poor housing, an unsanitary environment, insufficient safe water supply, cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of food storage facilities, in combination with socioeconomic and behavioral factors, are common causes of diarrhea disease and have had a significant impact on diarrhea incidence in the majority of developing countries. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 407 systematically sampled under-five children of Jimma Geneti District (135 with diarrhea and 272 without diarrhea) from May 01 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from the WHO/UNICEF core questionnaire and other related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done by using SPSS version 20.0. Result Sociodemographic determinants such as being a child of 12–23 months of age (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.68–6.46; P < 0.05) and mothers’/caregivers’ history of diarrheal diseases (AOR 7.38, 95% CI 3.12–17.44; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Environmental and behavioral factors such as lack of a hand-washing facility near a latrine (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 3.94–26.49; P < 0.05), a lack of hand-washing practice at critical times (AOR 10.6, 95% CI 3.74–29.81; P < 0.05), improper domestic solid waste disposal (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39–5.18; P < 0.05), and not being vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.25–4.81; P < 0,05) were found important determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Conclusion The unavailability of a hand-washing facility nearby latrine, mothers’/caregivers’ history of the last 2 weeks’ diarrheal diseases, improper latrine utilization, lack of hand-washing practice at critical times, improper solid waste disposal practices, and rotavirus vaccination status were the determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children identified in this study. Thus, promoting the provision of continuous and modified health information programs for households on the importance of sanitation, personal hygiene, and vaccination against rotavirus is fundamental to decreasing the burden of diarrheal disease among under-five children.

Enteric pathogen among children under five years old with diarrheal diseases in Indonesia

Diarrheal diseases are the second cause of the high morbidity and mortality in children under five years old. According to the Basic Health Survey 2018 conducted by the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of diarrheal diseases among children under five years old that were diagnosed by healthcare workers was 11.0%. The aim of this study was to describe the enteric pathogen isolated from children with diarrhea. The study was conducted in five cities in Indonesia: Jakarta, Serang, Denpasar, Makassar, and Mataram. The Inclusion criteria were children aged one month to five years old, with diarrhea that was diagnosed by a healthcare worker. The rectal swabs were sent to the Centre for Research and Development for Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health in Jakarta. Virus and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) identification by using multiplex PCR from Seegene, meanwhile bacteria identified by conventional method. As many as 2626 children under five years old participated in this study. The highest viral pathogen that causes diarrhea is viral 1.807 (68,81%) and 486 (18,56%). The virus etiology was Rotavirus 982 (54,34%) cases, followed by Adenovirus 916 (50.69) cases, Norovirus II 444 (24,57%) cases, meanwhile the bacteria pathogen were Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected in 262 (9,98%) followed by Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella spp. This study described Rotavirus is the prevalence etiology of diarrhea among children under five years old followed by Adenovirus and Norovirus, some other cases reported the cause of diarrhea were bacteria ETEC E. coli followed Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp, etc.

Mothers Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Diarrhea and its Management in Aden-Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poor Resource Setting

Background: Diarrheal diseases are still a major cause of mortality and morbidity after respiratory infection in most developing countries. There are about 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal illness and 760,000 deaths in children under 5 every year around the world. Moreover, it has an undesirable effect on the development and growth of infants and young children. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding diarrhea and its management in Aden-Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers who visited Aden health centers in Aden city from April 2020 to July 2020. The respondents were chosen conveniently due to the difficulty of having a sampling frame. Data was collected using a KAP questionnaire. Results: A total of 414 mothers aged 18 - 40 years had a child/children with diarrhea at the time of enrollment or in the preceding 3 to 6 months from enrollment. About 344 (83.1%) of mothers knew the definition of diarrhea, 244 (58.9 %) of mothers attributed the teething as a cause of diarrhea, and 284 (68.6%) of mothers recognized lethargy as a sign of dehydration. Nearly 201 (48.6 %) of the mothers mentioned that diarrhea could be managed and prevented at home, and 174 (42.0%) agreed that ORS is the first-line treatment for diarrhea, and 286 (69.1%) of mothers continue exclusive breastfeeding during diarrhea. However, only 170 (41.1%) of mothers prepared ORS at home, and most of them did not know the correct way of preparing it. About 327 (79.0%) of mothers consulted the medical centers during the episode, and 199 (48.1 %) of mothers took the child to the primary health center as an immediate response. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the KAP of the mothers was unsatisfactory for the management of diarrheal diseases. Therefore, there must be educational intervention provided by health sectors to increase awareness. Furthermore, the government should provide quality water, sanitation, essential medicines, public education, etc., to reduce the causes of the prevalence of diarrhea.

A Study to Assess Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Home Care Management of Diarrhea among Mothers of Under-Five Children Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

Aim: To find out the knowledge level of mothers of under five children regarding prevention and home care management of diarrhea and develop educational intervention to provide them adequate information regarding management. Objectives: i) To assess the knowledge of mothers regarding prevention and home care management of diarrhea. ii) To find out the association between knowledge level of mothers regarding prevention and homecare management of diarrhea and selected socio-demographic variables. Method: A quantitative research approach-descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. 80 samples were selected for the study by using purposive sampling technique. Results: It was found that 72.5% of mothers had average knowledge and 6.25% of mothers had poor knowledge regarding prevention and homecare management of diarrhea. After calculation of chi square values, it is identified that there is a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and their educational status. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that the knowledge level of mothers was unsatisfactory about the prevention and home care management of under-five diarrheal diseases. Therefore, health education, dissemination of information, and community conversation should plan and implement to create a positive attitude and practice towards the better prevention and management of under-five diarrheal diseases. Keywords: diarrhea, mothers, under-five children.

POTENSI NANGKA DAN JAMBU BIJI DALAM PENYEMBUHAN DIARE OLEH MASYARAKAT PERUMAHAN SOSA, PADANG LAWAS SUMATERA UTARA

This study aims to determine the potential of jackfruit and guava leaves as diarrhea medicine in Lubuk Bunut Village, Huta Raja Tinggi District, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra. This research is explorative in nature, using interviews and questionnaires to the community. Based on the results of interviews and surveys, it was found that two types of plants, namely jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) were used by the community as herbal medicines to cure diarrheal diseases

Environmental determinants of E. coli, link with the diarrheal diseases, and indication of vulnerability criteria in tropical West Africa (Kapore, Burkina Faso)

In 2017, diarrheal diseases were responsible for 606 024 deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. This situation is due to domestic and recreational use of polluted surface waters, deficits in hygiene, access to healthcare and drinking water, and to weak environmental and health monitoring infrastructures. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator for the enteric pathogens that cause many diarrheal diseases. The links between E. coli, diarrheal diseases and environmental parameters have not received much attention in West Africa, and few studies have assessed health risks by taking into account hazards and socio-health vulnerabilities. This case study, carried out in Burkina Faso (Bagre Reservoir), aims at filling this knowledge gap by analyzing the environmental variables that play a role in the dynamics of E. coli, cases of diarrhea, and by identifying initial vulnerability criteria. A particular focus is given to satellite-derived parameters to assess whether remote sensing can provide a useful tool to assess the health hazard. Samples of surface water were routinely collected to measure E. coli, enterococci and suspended particulate matter (SPM) at a monitoring point (Kapore) during one year. In addition, satellite data were used to estimate precipitation, water level, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and SPM. Monthly epidemiological data for cases of diarrhea from three health centers were also collected and compared with microbiological and environmental data. Finally, semi-structured interviews were carried out to document the use of water resources, contact with elements of the hydrographic network, health behavior and condition, and water and health policy and prevention, in order to identify the initial vulnerability criteria. A positive correlation between E. coli and enterococci in surface waters was found indicating that E. coli is an acceptable indicator of fecal contamination in this region. E. coli and diarrheal diseases were strongly correlated with monsoonal precipitation, in situ SPM, and Near Infra-Red (NIR) band between March and November. Partial least squares regression showed that E. coli concentration was strongly associated with precipitation, Sentinel-2 reflectance in the NIR and SPM, and that the cases of diarrhea were strongly associated with precipitation, NIR, E. coli, SPM, and to a lesser extent with NDVI. Moreover, E. coli dynamics were reproduced using satellite data alone, particularly from February to mid-December (R2 = 0.60) as were cases of diarrhea throughout the year (R2 = 0.76). This implies that satellite data could provide an important contribution to water quality monitoring. Finally, the vulnerability of the population was found to increase during the rainy season due to reduced accessibility to healthcare and drinking water sources and increased use of water of poor quality. During this period, surface water is used because it is close to habitations, easy to use and free from monetary or political constraints. This vulnerability is aggravated by marginality and particularly affects the Fulani, whose concessions are often close to surface water (river, lake) and far from health centers.

Trends in water borne diseases in Kerala: an analysis of directorate of health services portal data

Background: Kerala faces high mortality-morbidity rates from water borne diseases. For the timely management of communicable diseases, understanding trends, pattern and seasonality of disease was important. The aim was to find out the trend, pattern and seasonal variation of water borne diseases in Kerala.Methods: Retrospective record based descriptive study was done to find out the trend and pattern of water borne diseases and to find out its seasonal variation in Kerala. Data from the DHS (directorate of health services) portal during 2011 to 2019 were collected and analyzed.Results: More than 97 percent of water borne diseases are due to diarrheal diseases but no death reported. A rising trend in diarrheal disease is observed. Typhoid, hepatitis A and cholera showed decreasing trend. Leptospirosis shared only 0.2 to 0.4 percent, but death rate was high. Malapuram tends to report most number of cases but percentage share was highest from Kozhikode in 2011. Palakkad reported highest number and Kottayam lowest among central districts. Among southern districts, Thiruvananthapuram reported highest number of cases and Pathanamthitta lowest. Malappuram showed declining trend among northern districts while least number of cases were reported from Wayand district. Seasonal variability was observed in 2011-2013 and 2018.Conclusions: Seasonal variation in occurrence of water borne diseases in rainy season is statistically significant when compared to winter season. Data on water borne disease other than diarrheal diseases is a matter of concern.