Oral vaccination through voluntary consumption of the convict grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus with yeast producing the capsid protein of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus

A study was conducted toÂ identify the entry site for the betanodavirus, the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in 375 fish (150 spawn, 150 fry and 75 fingerling) during the period from March to August 2003. Highly susceptible fish, sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus to sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) was used as experimental fish. Fish were placed into the seawater containing 104 TCID50 mL-1 of the viral isolate for 1 h. Samples for virus isolation were randomly collected at an interval of 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and daily, and continued until 5 to14Â days depending on the mortality. The inoculated virus could first recover from the mouth including nostril at 3 h of exposure and then from fin at 12 h, and within 1 d it was detected from all the organs examined at titers ranging from 104 to 107 TCID50 g-1. The highest titer was found at day 5 in the target organs of central nervous system (CNS), i.e., the brain, bone including spinal cord, and eye. The results suggest that nasal route the initial route for the portal entry of betanodavirus into fish. Key words: Betanodavirus; viral nervous necrosis; virus titration; portal entry, nasal route; sevenband grouper doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1942 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 83-87

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Screening for the Proteins That Can Interact with Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Capsid Protein

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12090985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 985

Author(s):

Po-Yu Huang ◽

Han-Chia Hsiao ◽

Szu-Wen Wang ◽

Shao-Fu Lo ◽

Ming-Wei Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Capsid Protein ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

Ion Regulation ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Atp Generation

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect many species of fish and has an 80–100% mortality rate. NNV capsid protein (NNVCP) is the only structural protein of NNV, but there are few studies on the protein–protein interaction between NNVCP and the host cell. To investigate NNV morphogenesis, native NNV capsid protein (NNVCP) was used to screen for protein–protein interactions in this study. The results identified that 49 grouper optic nerve proteins can interact with NNVCP and may function as putative receptor or co-receptor, cytoskeleton, glucose metabolism and ATP generation, immunity, mitochondrial ion regulation, and ribosomal proteins. Creatine kinase B-type (CKB) is one of those 49 optic nerve proteins. CKB, a kind of enzyme of ATP generation, was confirmed to interact with NNVCP by far-Western blot and showed to colocalize with NNVCP in GF-1 cells. Compared to the control, the expression of CKB was significantly induced in the brain and eyes infected with NNV. Moreover, the amount of replication of NNV is relatively high in cells expressing CKB. In addition to providing the database of proteins that can interact with NNVCP for subsequent analysis, the results of this research also verified that CKB plays an important role in the morphogenesis of NNV.

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